The FTIR spectra were obtained on a Perkin-Elmer spectrometer (Waltham, MA, USA). One spectrum in the transmission mode from 400 to 4000 cm−1 was obtained after 20 scans at a 4 cm−1 resolution using the standard KBr disk method.
Spectrometer
Manufactured by PerkinElmer
Sourced in United States, Australia
A spectrometer is an analytical instrument used to measure the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation. It is designed to detect, identify, and quantify the components of a sample by analyzing the spectrum of light emitted, absorbed, or scattered by the sample.
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Lab products found in correlation
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Jem 2100f, by JEOL (3 mentions)
Fecl3, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Tecnai f20 transmission electron microscope, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Ultra 55 fesem, by Zeiss (2 mentions)
D8 advance, by Bruker (2 mentions)
B34304, by Selleck Chemicals (2 mentions)
X pert pro, by Malvern Panalytical (2 mentions)
Jsm 6460lv, by JEOL (2 mentions)
Fp 8300, by Jasco (2 mentions)
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Escalab 250xi, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
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Uv 1800 spectrophotometer, by Shimadzu (2 mentions)
Dxr raman microscope, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
136 protocols using spectrometer
1
FTIR Spectroscopy of KBr Disk Samples
2
Geochemical Analysis of Sediment Samples
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The rim and core parts of one specimen were separated and the sieved grain size fraction smaller than ~63 μm was further used. Bulk elemental analysis was carried out via X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy at ICBM, University of Oldenburg (Philips PW 2400 spectrometer; [21 ]). Reducible Fe(III) and Mn(IV) were extracted via buffered sodium-citrate-acetic-dithionite solution [22 (link)]. Extracted iron contents were analyzed by spectrophotometry and manganese with atomic absorption spectroscopy (Perkin Elmer spectrometer) after appropriate dilution. Total carbon contents (TC), total nitrogen (TN) and sulfur (TS) was determined via elemental analysis (Fisons EA), and total inorganic carbon (TIC) by coulometry. The total organic carbon content was calculated as the difference between the TC and TIC contents. Total reducible reduced inorganic sulfur (TRIS) was extracted by means of and selective acid extraction with hot acidic Cr(II) chloride solution, the evolved hydrogen sulfide trapped in zinc acetate solution [23 ] and measured spectrophotometrically according to Cline [24 ]. Mercury contents were analyzed with atomic absorption spectroscopy [25 ]. Water-extractable contents of chloride were analyzed via ion chromatography (Waters ion chromatography). Figured samples are deposited in the specimen collection of the Geoscience Museum of the University of Göttingen, Germany.
3
Cell Viability Assay Using CCK-8
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Neuronal viability was assessed with a cell viability counting kit CCK-8 purchased from BBI Life Sciences (Shanghai, China). Briefly, cells after treatment were collected following the manufacturer’s protocol. Cell suspension at 100 μl was transferred to a 96-well plate at a final concentration of 500,000 cells/ml. Cells were incubated with 10 μl CCK-8 solution from the kit per well for 4 h and assessed with a PerkinElmer spectrometer (PerkinElmer, USA) at the absorbance of 450 nm.
4
Characterization of Synthesized Compounds
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Melting points (uncorrected) and IR spectra were recorded on a Barnstead 9100 Electrothermal melting apparatus and an FT-IR Perkin-Elmer spectrometer, respectively. 1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded in deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO‑d6) on a Bruker 500 and a 125 MHz NMR spectrometer, respectively, using tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard (chemical shifts in ppm). Agilent 6320 Ion Trap mass spectrometer was used to record mass spectra. Compounds 2, 3 , 4 , 6 , and 7 were prepared as reported previously (Abdel-Aziz et al., 2016 (link)).
5
Geopolymer Binder Characterization by ATR-FTIR
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The effect of different press temperatures on the cured geopolymer binder was characterized by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). To this end, the geopolymer binder was taken from the first binder line of the fractured shear specimens (untreated samples), and then was fully milled. A spectrogram of these samples was obtained using a Perkin Elmer spectrometer (Waltham, MA, USA). The spectra were recorded in the range of 4000–550 cm−1 at a 4 cm−1 resolution.
6
Characterization of Zinc Electrodeposition
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SEM (Hitachi S-4800) was employed to detect the morphologies of Zn deposits on the Zn-metal anodes or the Ti foils. FTIR measurements were carried out on a Perkin-Elmer spectrometer in the transmittance mode. XRD patterns were recorded in a Bruker-AXS Micro-diffractometer (D8 ADVANCE) with Cu-Kα1 radiation (λ = 1.5405 Å). Raman spectra were recorded at room temperature using a Thermo Scientific DXRXI system with excitation from an Ar laser at 532 nm. A differential scanning calorimeter (TA, dsc250) was used to evaluate the thermal properties of the electrolytes. Samples are scanned from −80–100 °C at a rate of 5 °C–min−1 under a nitrogen atmosphere. An in situ optical microscope from the Olympus Corporation was used to observe the depositional morphology of Zn with different electrolytes in real time in order to study the interfacial stability. XPS was performed on a Thermo Scientific ESCA Lab 250Xi to characterize the surface components. TOF-SIMS (Germany, TOF-SIMS5) was employed to measure the components as a function of depth.
7
Nanoparticle Characterization by Spectroscopy
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UV–Vis spectroscopy was performed using a Cary 60 UV–Vis spectrometer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping were performed using an FEI Tecnai F20 transmission electron microscope (FEI Company, Eindhoven, the Netherlands). The hydrodynamic size of the nanoparticles was measured using ζ-potentials (ELS-Z, Otsuka, Japan). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra were recorded on a PerkinElmer spectrometer in the range between 4000 and 400 cm−1.
8
Characterization of Bioactive Scaffold Structures
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The CS/BCP/TSA scaffolds were prepared into a cylinder shape (10 × 8 mm). FTIR was conducted using a Perkin-Elmer spectrometer to analyze the chemical contents of the scaffolds in the standard frequency range (4000–400 cm−1). The surface morphologies of the scaffolds were observed by SEM and evaluated by image visualization software (Image J version 1.53, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA). The mean pore size and pore size distribution were calculated on random 10 mm2 of SEM images based on 100 pores. All measurements were performed in triplicate.
9
Characterization of Chitosan Derivatives
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A PANanalytical Empyrean X-ray Diffractometer, Almelo, The Netherlands with Cu Kα (λ = 1.5406 Å) was used to acquire the XRD patterns for chitosan and its derivatives. The scan rate was 2° per minute in a range of 5–90°. The FTIR spectra were acquired over the region of 500–4000 cm−1 using a PerkinElmer spectrometer, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA. The FTIR scans were processed using the PerkinElmer Spectrum Version 10.03.09.I.
10
Characterization of CuO-TiO2-Chitosan-Berbamine Nanocomposites
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CuO-TiO2-Chitosan-Berbamine samples were characterized using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) (model: X'PERT PRO PANAlytical) using a monochromatic CuK diffraction beam with a wavelength of 1.5406. The CuO-TiO2-Chitosan-Berbamine system was examined using an Energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) (model: Inca) and a field emission scanning electron microscope (Carl Zeiss Ultra 55 FESEM). We investigated the morphologies of CuO-TiO2-Chitosan-Berbamine using a TEM (Tecnai F20 model) microscope and a 200 kV accelerating voltage. FTIR spectra were collected with a Perkin-Elmer spectrometer in the 400–4000 cm−1 range, absorption spectra of nanocomposites with a Lambda spectrometer in the 200–1100 nm range, and photoluminescence (PL) spectra with a PerkinElmer-LS.
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