Jsm 840 scanning electron microscope

Deinococcus radiodurans R1 and its isogenic mutant (Δdra0033) were harvested at A600 = 0.5 and fixed overnight at 4 °C in 4% glutaraldehyde. After centrifugation, the pellet was washed three times with PBS and dehydrated through a graded ethanol series (35%, 50%, and 70%), followed by drying the cells in a drying chamber. The samples were gold-coated using a gold sputtering unit and observed using a JEOL JSM-840 scanning electron microscope (Tokyo, Japan) at the Seoul National University.

The surface morphology of PSP particles and FG/PSP films was studied using a JSM-840 scanning electron microscope (JEOL, Peabody, MA, USA) under an accelerating voltage of 15 kV. Magnifications of 1500× and 1000× were used for PSP and FG/PSP films, respectively. Before analysis, samples were coated with gold under vacuum using a SCD 004 Balzers sputter coater (Bal Tec. AG, Furstentum, Lichtenstein) to increase their electrical conductivity.

The surface morphology of BNC fibers was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on a JSM-840 scanning electron microscope (JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) after sputtering a Pt layer 1–5 nm thick. The BNC sample having dimensions of 5 cm × 5 cm was preliminarily held in aqueous ethanol solutions at different concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% and 90% for 30 min in four steps for partial dehydration of the BNC sample; afterwards, the BNC sample was freeze-dried in an HR7000-M lyophilizer (Harvest Right, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA).
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of freeze-dried BNC samples pre-dehydrated with ethanol was done using a JSM-840 microscope (JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) with a Link-860 series II X-ray microanalyzer. Repeats information given above

One millilitre of buffered RPMI-1640 with 0.1% DMSO containing an MIC/2 concentration of oleuropein was added to each well of the sterile 24-well plates, along with 1 ml of prepared microbial inoculum. In the next well, a mixture of culture medium and yeast or bacteria suspension was used instead of the oleuropein solution. Also, a suspension of C. albicans and E. coli (1: 1 ratio) was used to observe the effect of oleuropein in the biofilm of the microbial mixture according to the above method. The biofilm formed on very thin PVC slides measuring 7 mm which were placed inside the wells and incubated for 48 h at 37 °C.
After incubation, each slide was removed and washed with PBS, followed by fixation with 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 2 h at 4 °C. The samples were then dehydrated using alcohol concentrations of 30, 70, 80, 90, 95 and 99%. After coating the samples with a layer of gold, the three-dimensional structure of the samples was imaged using a JEOL JSM-840 scanning electron microscope [41 (link), 44 (link)].

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to observe the morphology of pollen grains in the mature stage. Anthers in the preanthesis stage were collected from three samples and freshly dried over silica gel for approximately 48 h. Pollen grains were directly attached to SEM stubs using adhesive carbon tabs and observed with a JSM-840 scanning electron microscope (JEOL) operated at 10 kV.

Whole nematodes were used for this experiment. Approximately 30 C. elegans or 10 H. bakeri were added into each of four 1.5 ml mini-fuge tubes. The worms were incubated with 1 µM (final concentration) of CP or CP + E64 at a temperature of 37 °C for 10, 15 and 30 min. At each time point, activity of CPs was stopped with 50 µl of 1 mM E64. The samples were then diluted with PBS and centrifuged at 121×g for 2 min, and the supernatant was removed. This washing step was repeated three times to remove any trace of CP. The samples were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) for 1 h, before being washed for 20 min three times in PBS then fixed and stained with 1% osmium tetroxide in 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 6.8 for 1 h at ambient temperature. The samples were washed three times in water and dehydrated by sequentially placing in 30%, 50%, 70%, 90% and 100% ethanol. The specimens were then dried using a Polaron E3000 critical point dryer. The dried samples were mounted onto aluminium stubs using carbon discs. The stubs were gold sputter-coated (approximately 10 nm thick) using a Polaron E5100 SEM coating unit. All specimens were viewed and photographed using a JEOL JSM-840 scanning electron microscope at 23 kV, and the images were stored electronically.

After extraction and fixation in PFA, the specimens were briefly washed with distilled water and dehydrated through a graded series of alcohol and subsequently transferred to acetone through a graded ethanol/acetone series. Subsequently, specimens were critical point dried using an Autosamdri-815 dryer (Tousimis Research Corporation, Maryland, USA) or a BAL-TEC 030 dryer (Bal-Tec AG, Balzers, Liechtenstein) with carbon dioxide as intermediate. Finally, the dried specimens were mounted on aluminium stubs with sticky carbon pads and sputter-coated with platinum/palladium alloy and analysed with a JEOL JSM-840 Scanning electron microscope or a JEOL JSM-6335F Field Emission Scanning electron microscope.
All examined type material is deposited at the Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark (NHMD), University of Copenhagen.