Hrp mouse

The human glioma U-251 cell line was kindly provided by Dr. Dah-Yu Lu (Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan). The human glioma GBM8401 and GBM8901 cell line was kindly provided by Dr. Li-Sung Hsu (Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan). The U-87MG (BCRC No. 60360) and M059K cell line (BCRC No. 60381) were purchased from the Bioresources Collection and Research Center (BCRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan). These cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 and MEM medium supplemented with 1 × penicillin/streptomycin and 10% fetal bovine serum (HyClone, Logan, UT, USA) were incubated at 37 °C in a humidified incubator containing a 5% CO₂ atmosphere. LCN2 antibody was purchased from R&D Systems, Inc (Minneapolis, MN, USA). U0126 (MEK inhibitor), siRNA-CTSD (si-CTSD), Cathepsin D (CTSD), t-ERK, β-actin, HRP-mouse and HRP-rabbit antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Matrigel Matrix was purchased from Corning company (Tewksbury, MA, USA). Phosphorylated-ERK (p-ERK) was obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA).

Primary antibodies: RAD51 (Merk, Ab-1, PC130, 1:1000), RAD52 (Thermo Fisher, PA5-65036, 1:500), XAB2 (abcam, ab129487, 1:1000), CtIP (Active Motif, 61141, 1:500), ATM (abcam, ab32420 (Y170), 1:1000), P-ATM (abcam, ab81292 (pS1981), 1:50000), P-KAP1 (Bethyl, IHC-00073 (pS824) 1:200).
Secondary antibodies: HRP rabbit (Jackson Laboratory, Cat. No. 111-035-003, 1:50 000), HRP mouse (Amersham/Sigma, Cat. No. GENA931-1ML, 1:10 000), HRP mouse (Santa Cruz, sc-516102, 1:10 000).

3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Primary antibodies against cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA). Mcl-1, β-actin, HRP-mouse and HRP-rabbit antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).