Rat α glucosidase

Squid pens, crab shells and shrimp shells were obtained from Shin-Ma Frozen Food Co. (I-Lan, Taiwan) [45 (link)]. Shrimp head powder (SHP) was acquired from Fwu-Sow Industry (Taichun, Taiwan). Demineralized shrimp shell powder (deSSP) and demineralized crab shell powder (deCSP) were prepared according to the previously described methods [45 (link)]. Acarbose, p-nitrophenyl glucopyranoside and enzymes (yeast α-glucosidase, rat α-glucosidase, porcine pancreatic α-amylase, B. subtilis α-amylase, lysozyme, cellulase, bromelain and papain) were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA. The Macro-Prep High S column was obtained from BioRad (Hercules, CA, USA). All other reagents used were of the highest grade available.

S. marcescens TNU01, S. marcescens TNU02, and S. marcescens CC17 were newly isolated and identified based on the methods described earlier [39 (link),40 (link)]. S. marcescens TKU011 was a stocked PG producing strain [11 (link)]. The CPCMBPs (crab shells, shrimp shells, and squid pens) were procured from Shin-Ma Frozen Food Co. (I-Lan, Taiwan). The demineralized crab shells powder (deCSP) and demineralized shrimp shells powder (deSSP) were produced as per the method reported by Wang et al. [41 (link)]. Shrimp heads powder (SHP) was procured from Fwu-Sow Industry (Taichung, Taiwan). The cancerous cell lines, including Hep G2, A549, WiDr, and MCF-7, were obtained from the Bioresources Collection and Research Centre (Hsinchu, Taiwan). S. cerevisiae α-glucosidase, rat α-glucosidase, Bacillus subtilis α-amylase, and porcine pancreatic α-amylase were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). All the other reagents and chemicals used were of the highest grade available.

Crab shells, shrimp shells, and squid pens were acquired from Shin-Ma Frozen Food Co. (I-Lan County, Taiwan). Fresh shrimp shells were prepared by drying them by lyophilization. Shrimp head powder was obtained from Fwu-Sow Industry (Taichun, Taiwan). Cicada shells were collected from the campus of Tamkang University (New Taipei, Taiwan). Demineralized crab shells and decalcified shrimp shells were prepared via acid treatment [29 (link)]. Nutrient broth was purchased from Creative Life Science Co. (Taipei, Taiwan). Rat α-glucosidase (intestinal acetone powders from rat) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acarbose, S. cerevisiae α-glucosidase, B. stearothermophilus α-glucosidase, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Singapore). Rice α-glucosidase (type 4) and porcine pancreatic α-amylase (type VI-B) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Some reagents, solvents, and other common chemicals were available at the highest grade.