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21 protocols using cell free dna blood collection tube

1

Plasma ctDNA Sequencing for Tumor Profiling

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A total of 12 plasma samples were identified for sequencing where the corresponding tumour samples contained at least one genetic alteration present on the ctDNA panel. The plasma ctDNA sequencing results were not reported back to the MTB.
About 5 to 10 mL of blood was collected into cell-free DNA blood collection tubes (Streck, La Vista, United States of America) and centrifuged twice at 1600 g. ctDNA extraction and sequencing using a commercially available hybrid-capture panel (Avenio ctDNA expanded kit, Roche) was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions.
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2

Detecting Mutations in GBC Using cfDNA

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An amount of 10 mL of venous blood samples is collected from patients with GBC at scheduled timepoints (see online supplemental appendix 1 for a detailed time schedule of study) in Cell-Free DNA Blood Collection Tubes (Streck, USA). Samples are centrifuged to extract cfDNA to detect mutations.
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3

Primary HCC Surgical Treatment Cohort

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Patients who were diagnosed with primary HCC and underwent surgical procedures for treatment between July 2015 and February 2016 at the Zhongshan hospital Xiamen University were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis and confirmation of primary HCC were made on the basis of pathohistological evaluations following the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer.20 (link) We excluded individuals who had received a recent blood transfusion within 3 months, primarily due to a possible effect of the blood sampling on plasma cfDNAs. A total of 33 HCC tissue specimens, 37 peripheral blood samples, and 37 swab samples were collected from the primary HCC patients. The tissue samples were stored in a liquid nitrogen container, while 10 mL blood samples were collected in cell-free DNA blood collection tubes (STRECK, USA) and processed for plasma separation. The demographic, biochemical, and clinical characteristics of the study population are summarized in Table S1.
The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University. The research studies involving human subjects have been carried out in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. A written informed consent was obtained from each participant prior to enrollment in this study.
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Perioperative Plasma Profiling for Cancer

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Serial plasma samples were collected from 17 patients 1–4 days pre-operatively as well as 2–7 days post-operatively. Additional blood samples were obtained prior to and following adjuvant therapy, if indicated, as well as during follow-up visits. In case of a resectable recurrence, samples were obtained again pre- and post-operatively as mentioned above. Venous blood from study participants was collected by standard phlebotomy techniques in two cell-free DNA blood collection tubes (Streck, La Vista, NE, USA) and sent for further processing to Inivata Ltd (Cambridge, UK). Plasma samples were prepared from up to 10 ml of venous blood, as soon as possible after collection and within 7 days, with an initial centrifugation at 1600 × g for 10 min and second centrifugation of plasma aliquots at 20,000 × g for 10 min. The buffy coat layer was separated during blood processing and stored at −80 °C. DNA was extracted from 200 µl of buffy coat (leukocytes) using QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit (Qiagen) and circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) extracted using the QIAamp Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit (Qiagen). Buffy coat and cfDNA were quantified using digital PCR (BioRad QX200) as described previously [42 (link)].
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5

Cancer Patient Liquid Biopsy Protocol

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Whole blood samples from primary and metastatic cancer patients were collected in cell-free DNA blood collection tubes (Streck, Omaha, USA) and shipped to the Kuhn laboratory at USC in temperature stabilized shippers (Standard 71, LLC, Los Angeles). Samples were processed within 24 hours of collection using the HD-SCA protocol [6 (link)] and archived at −80°C. The sample MDA-42109 was collected from a patient with metastatic prostate cancer in 2013 with informed consent and under IRB approval as previously described [8 (link)]. Normal control donor blood samples were obtained from The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA. All specimen collections were performed under IRB approval.
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6

Quantitative cfDNA Analysis via Ion Proton

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Blood sample was collected in the Cell-Free DNA Blood Collection Tubes (BCT, Streck, La Vista, NE) [18 (link)] followed by a two-step centrifugation (1600×g then 17000×g, both for 10 min at room temperature) separation procedure. After separation, 2.5–4 ml of plasma was used to extract cfDNA with the QIAamp circulating nucleic acid kit according to the manufacturer’s protocol (Qiagen). DNA concentration and integrity were determined using the Quant-iT dsDNA HS Assay (Invitrogen) and the Fragment Analyzer (Advanced Analytical Technologies, Inc.), respectively. A total of 20 ng of cfDNA would be was subsequently PCR-amplified for 26 cycles with a multiplex panel consisting of primer pairs covering regions of TP53 DNA-binding domain (DBD) and hotspot PIK3CA mutations, which included a total of 13 amplicons containing 1137 base pairs. PCR products were ligated to barcode adapters and underwent further amplification, followed by emulsion PCR on the OneTouch System (Applied Biosystems). A maximum of 96 samples were pooled on the Ion PI™ Chip Kit on Ion Proton System with the aim for an average of 10,000 × average read depth. Twelve healthy volunteer’s PBMC were used as control.
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7

Peripheral Blood Cell Isolation and Preservation

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Peripheral blood samples (average 7 mL) were collected in Cell-Free DNA blood collection tubes (Streck, Omaha, NE) and placed in a temperature stabilization box for transport. All samples were processed by the Convergent Science Institute in Cancer at University of Southern California within 48 h of collection as described previously [43 (link)]. In short, blood samples underwent erythrocyte lysis and all the nucleated cells adhered to custom glass slides (Marienfeld, Lauda-Königshofen, Germany) with approximately 3 million cells per slide. Cells were then incubated in 7% BSA, dried, and stored at – 80 °C for subsequent analysis. WBC counts of the samples were determined automatically prior to processing (Medonic M-series hematology Analyzer, Clinical Diagnostic Solutions INC., Fort Lauderdale, FL) allowing for the calculation of cells/mL.
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8

Plasma ctDNA Profiling by Targeted NGS

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Targeted NGS of plasma ctDNA was performed at Resolution Bioscience (Resolution, Kirkland, WA) as previously described [7 ]. In brief, peripheral venous blood was collected in two (10 mL each) cell-free DNA blood collection tubes (Streck, Inc., Omaha, NE) tubes and shipped via overnight express mail at room temperature to Resolution Bioscience. DNA was extracted and targeted plasma NGS was performed using a validated, bias-corrected, hybrid-capture 21-gene assay Resolution ctDx Lung (Appendix 1. Supplemental Table S1). The testing was carried out in Resolution’s Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-certified laboratory. For fusion detection, a 40-base long capture probe was used. Primer extension of the probe was used to copy the captured genomic sequence information as well as sequence tags, allowing detection of ALK fusion partners without a priori knowledge of partners or breakpoints. Reports detailing ALK fusions were provided to the study investigator as well as the treating clinician in real time via a secure, online repository.
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9

Analyzing Whole Blood and Sputum in CF Patients

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Specimens and clinical data were obtained according to the declaration of Helsinki and the ethics guidelines of the University of Washington Human Subjects Division. All experimental protocols were approved by the University of Washington Human Subjects Division, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. CF patients were recruited from outpatient clinics, but were otherwise not selected with respect to any clinical characteristics or inclusion criteria and consequently reflect a convenience sample (Table 1). A convenience sample of healthy volunteers without acute disease were recruited from the general population (Supplemental Table 2).
Whole blood was collected from subjects in Cell-Free DNA Blood Collection Tubes (Streck) and processed within 3 hours. Patient sputum samples collected at the time of clinic visits were subjected to microbiological culture by the University of Washington Clinical Microbiology Laboratory according to standard clinical procedures, which are described in detail elsewhere29 (link).
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10

Comprehensive Tumor Biopsy and Molecular Profiling

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New 1.2 mm core needle biopsies are taken from the most easily accessible, preferably progressing tumor lesion that has not been irradiated, usually guided by ultrasound. Biopsies from centrally located lung lesions or other sites with increased risk of complications, or procedures requiring general anesthesia are generally avoided. In each case, one biopsy is fixed in neutral-buffered formalin and allocated to histopathological assessment. Another, adjacent 1-2 biopsies are kept in RNAlater until processing for molecular analysis within 5 d. Patients with intracranial tumors are biopsied at the time of diagnostic surgery or if surgery is otherwise required, and tissue is kept frozen at -80 °C until the clinical course indicates that patients are eligible for the protocol. In parallel, a 10 ml EDTA blood sample is drawn for analysis of non-tumoral DNA.
Unfixed or fresh frozen tissue material is preferred. However, in selected patients for whom a new biopsy is unobtainable and no fresh frozen tissue is available, DNA is extracted from the most recent FFPE archival sample of tumor tissue. Cell-free tumor-DNA (ctDNA) from peripheral blood samples is used in cases with insufficient tissue for analysis. Samples for ctDNA analysis are collected in cell-free DNA blood collection tubes (Streck).
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