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7 protocols using igd pe

1

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Germinal Centers

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For immunofluorescence staining, cryosections of the spleens from SRBCs immunized NSD1B WT and NSD1B KO mice were fixed with ice-cold acetone for 10 mins at room temperature. Then the sections were incubated with 2% BSA for 2 hr at room temperature. After that, sections were incubated with Gl7-FITC (BioLegend) and IgD-PE (BioLegend) for 2 hr at room temperature then incubated with DAPI for 5 mins at room temperature. Images were captured using OLYMPUS BX53 microscope.
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2

Multiparametric Flow Cytometry Analysis

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Cells were thawed and stained with antibodies against CD19 Pacific Blue, CD21 FITC, IgD PE, CD24 PEcy7, CD27 APC Cy7 (Biolegend); IgM FITC, IgD FITC, and IgM PE (BD Biosciences); CD38 APC and IgD APC (Miltenyi Biotec), and with 7AAD or FVD 506 (eBioscience) as viability markers. After staining, cells were fixed with a 1% paraformaldehyde/PBS solution before analysis on a MACS-Quant Analyzer (Miltenyi Biotec). Flow cytometry data analysis was performed using Flowjo data analysis software (Tree Star, Ashland, OR).
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3

Comprehensive Immune Cell Profiling

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We used the following gating schemes: total leukocytes (CD45.2+), total B cells (CD19+ CD3), B-2 (CD19+ CD3 B220hi CD5 CD23+), B-1a (CD19+ CD3 IgM+ IgD B220lo CD5+ CD23), B-1b (CD19+ CD3 IgM+ IgD B220lo CD5 CD23), regulatory B [Breg] cells (CD19+ B220+ CD22+ CD5 IgM+ IgD+), total T cells (CD19 CD3+), Treg cells (CD19 CD3+ CD4+ CD25+), and macrophages (CD19 CD3 CD11b+ F4/80+). Dead cells were distinguished by Live/Dead Fixable Aqua staining (Life Technologies). Baselines for IL-10 EGFP mice were set using age- and diet-matched C57BL/6J mice. For macrophage intracellular cytokine staining, cells were stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL; Sigma-Aldrich) and brefeldin A (5 μg/mL; BioLegend) overnight and stained using the Cytofix/Cytoperm Kit (BD Biosciences) according to the vendors’ instructions. Data were acquired on an LSR II flow cytometer (BD Biosciences) and analyzed with FlowJo software (Tree Star).
CD16/32, CD3-PacBlue, CD5-PE-Cy5, CD19-PerCP-Cy5.5, CD22-PE, CD23-PE-Cy7, CD25-PE, CD45.2-APC, B220-APC-Cy7, F4/80-PE, F4/80-PErCP-Cy5.5, IgD-PE, and TNF-α–PE antibodies were from BioLegend. IgM-efluor650, CD4-efluor650, and CD11b-efluor605 antibodies were from eBioscience.
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4

Multi-Marker Immunofluorescence of Frozen Tissues

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Kidneys and spleens were embedded in Tissue-Tek OCT Compound (Sakura Finetek, Torrance, CA) and rapidly frozen in a dry ice and 2-methylbutane freezing bath. The frozen OCT-embedded samples were cryosectioned, and unstained slides were stored at -80°C. Subsequently, these frozen slides were allowed to reach room temperature and dry for 30 minutes before fixation in -20°C cold acetone for 10 minutes. After a wash in PBS, the slides were blocked with PBS containing 1% BSA and anti-mouse CD16/32 (1:100, BioLegend) for 40 minutes at room temperature. Following the blocking step, the slides were incubated with a mixture of fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies for 2 hours at room temperature in a humid box. Finally, the slides were mounted using Prolong Gold containing DAPI (Life Technologies). The immunohistochemical analysis utilized the following anti-mouse antibodies: complement C3-FITC (1:200, Cedarlane, Cat# 1850362A); IgG2a-PE (1:200, BioLegend, Cat# 407107); CD3-APC (1:40, BioLegend, Cat# 100235); GL7-AF488 (1:80, BioLegend, Cat# 144606); and IgD-PE (1:100, BioLegend, Cat# 405705). Slides were examined and imaged using a Zeiss LSM880 confocal microscope. Image processing and quantification of the fluorescent intensity was performed with ImageJ and ZEN 2.1 Lite software equipped with a 20× objective.
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5

Multiparametric Blood Cell Analysis

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Blood was collected from the inguinal veins at the indicated time points (Fig. 1A) and hematological examination was conducted using an autohematology analyzer (Mindray BC-5000; Mindray, Shenzhen, China). Flow cytometric analysis was performed using a BD LSR Fortessa flow cytometer (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) and analyzed using FlowJo v10.7.1 (BD Biosciences), as previously described (8 (link)). To exclude dead cells, blood was first stained with Fixable Viability Stain 575V (BD Biosciences) for 20 min at room temperature. For surface staining, cells were stained with the following antibodies for 30 min at 4°C: CD3 (Alexa Fluor 700; Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA), CD20 (APC/Cyanine7; Invitrogen), CD27 (PE/Cyanine7; Invitrogen), IgD (PE; BioLegend Inc., San Diego, CA, USA), IgM (FITC; SouthernBiotech, Birmingham, AL, USA), IgG (V450; BD Bioscience), CD4 (V500; Invitrogen), CD8 (V450; Invitrogen), CD95 (PE/Cyanine5; Invitrogen), and CD28 (ECD; Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA). The cells were washed with permeabilization wash buffer and fixed with 1% paraformaldehyde. Data were acquired using an LSR Fortessa system (BD Biosciences) and analyzed using FlowJo v10.7.1 (BD Biosciences).
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6

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Splenic and Renal Tissues

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Splenic and kidney sections were embedded in Tissue-Tek OCT compound (Sakura Finetek) and rapidly frozen in a freezing bath of dry ice and 2-methylbutane. Frozen OCT samples were cryosectioned and unstained slides were stored at −80°C. Immunohistochemical staining procedures were performed as previously described (1 (link), 2 (link), 5 (link)). For detection of germinal centers in the spleen, the following monoclonal Abs were used: GL7-AF488, IgD-PE, and CD4-allophycocyanin (all from BioLegend). For detection of renal deposition, C3-FITC (Cedarlane, Burlington, NC) and IgG2a-PE (eBioscience) Abs were used. Images were captured with a Zeiss LSM 880 confocal microscope (Fralin Imaging Center, Virginia Tech). Corrected total cell fluorescence scores were calculated with ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD).
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7

Identifying Germinal Center Architecture

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Fixed single popliteal LNs were frozen in optimum cutting temperature compound and cut into 7-µm sections. Slides were blocked and incubated with fluorescently labeled antibodies. B220-PE, Streptavidin-647, IgD-PE, and GL-7-A647 antibodies were from BioLegend. CD35-biotin antibody was from BD Biosciences. GCs were identified as IgD or IgD GL-7+ areas. Where the number of available fluorescent channels exceeded the number of required labels, consecutive slides were stained with separate antibody panels. Images were captured using a 20× objective and a Ti2 eclipse inverted confocal microscope (Nikon). For imaging specifications, see smFISH: Hybridization and imaging. Quantification of cell number within GC DZ and LZ compartments was done using automatically detected nuclei/spots in Imaris software (v9.5.1, Oxford Instruments). Automatic threshold selection was manually verified, and non-B220+ cells were removed from analysis.
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