Istar gen 3

TRLFS studies were performed using a Nd:YAG laser (Continuum Surelite) -pumped dye laser system (NARROWscan D-R Dye laser) with a repetition rate of 10 Hz. For the excitation of Cm(III) a wavelength of  = 396.6 nm was used. For investigations of Eu(III) a wavelength of  = 394 nm was applied. After spectral decomposition by a spectrograph (Shamrock 303i) with a 1199 lines mm -1 grating, the spectra were recorded by an ICCD camera (iStar Gen III, ANDOR) with an integrated delay controller. Light scattering and short-lived fluorescence of organic compounds were discriminated by applying 1 μs delay time between excitation and detection of the fluorescence signal.

All experiments were performed at 298 K with a Nd:YAG (Surelite II laser, Continuum) pumped dye laser system (NarrowScan D-R; Radiant Dyes Laser Accessories GmbH). A wavelength of 396.6 nm was chosen to excite Cm(III). A spectrograph (Shamrock 303i, ANDOR) with 300, 1199 and 2400 lines per mm gratings was used for spectral decomposition. The fluorescence emission was detected by an ICCD camera (iStar Gen III, ANDOR) after a delay time of 1 µs using a gate width of 1 ms to discriminate short-lived, organic fluorescence and light scattering.

TRLFS was performed using a Nd-YAG (Yttrium Aluminium Garnate, Continuum Surelite Laser) pumped dye laser system (NARROWscan D-R Dye Laser) with a repetition rate of 10 Hz. Cm(III) was excited using a wavelength of 396.6 nm. Emission spectra were recorded in the range of 575 to 635 nm after a delay time of 1 μs to discriminate short-lived fluorescence of organic compounds. After spectral decomposition by a spectrograph (Shamrock 303i) with a 1199 lines/mm grating, the spectra were recorded with an ICCD (intensified charge-coupled device) camera (iStar Gen III, ANDOR) containing an integrated delay controller. For better comparison, all spectra were normalized to the same peak area. For lifetime measurements, the delay time between the laser pulse and the detection of the fluorescence emission was increased continuously with time intervals of Δt = 20 μs. The lifetime τ is obtained by fitting the fluorescence intensity I as a function of the delay time t according to
with the initial intensity I 0 at t = 0. The number of water molecules in the first coordination sphere is obtained from the fluorescence lifetime τ (in ms) using the Kimura equation [40, 41] .
(2)