Oxychlordane

The OC compounds trans-nonachlor and oxychlordane were obtained from AccuStandard, Inc. and DDE was obtained from ChemService. Each OC compound was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at a 4000× concentration to produce a final DMSO concentration of 0.025% in cell culture treatments. Cell culture media (RPMI-1640) and related components including sodium pyruvate, glutamine, penicillin, streptomycin, insulin, and fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin were obtaining from Sigma-Aldrich. Oil Red O (ORO) and Janus Green (JG) stains were obtaining from Sigma-Aldrich and a stock solution of ORO (3 mg/ml) was made in 100% isopropanol. 4,4-difluoro-5-methyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-dodecanoic acid (BODIPY 500/510 C12; BODIPY-FA) for use in extracellular free fatty acid uptake assays was obtained from Life Technologies (ThermoFisher Scientific). Radiolabeled ¹⁴C-acetate for de novo lipogenesis assays was purchased from Perkin Elmer. Triglyceride and β-hydroxybutyrate assay kits were purchased from Cayman Chemical.

Trans-nonachlor and oxychlordane (>99% purity) were both purchased from AccuStandard (New Haven, CT) in the neat form. Stock solutions of Trans-nonachlor and oxychlordane were made in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at 4000x for each concentration to be tested to produce a 0.025% concentration of DMSO as vehicle. 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluoroscein diacetate (DCFDA) and 5,6-dichloro-2-[3-(5,6-dichloro-1,3-diethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-ylidene)-1 -propen-1 -yl]-1,3-diethyl-1H-benzimidazolium monoiodide (JC-1) dyes as well as N-acetyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-α-glutamyl-L-valyl-N-(4-nitrophenyl)-L-asparagine (Ac-DEVD-pNA) and N-acetyl-L-tyrosyl-L-valyl-L-alanyl-N-(4-nitrophenyl)-L-α-asparagine (Ac-YVAD-pNA) substrates were obtained from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI). Cell Counting Kit-8 was obtained from Millipore-Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Molecular Probes CellROX Green and pHrodo-labelled S. aureus bioparticles were obtained from Thermo-Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA).