Mice received broad-spectrum antibiotics (ampicillin 1 g/L; neomycin 1 g/L, both from Sigma, Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands; metronidazole 1 g/L, Sanofi-Aventis, Gouda, The Netherlands and vancomycin 0.5 g/L, Xellia pharmaceuticals, Copenhagen, Denmark) in drinking water for 19 days [10 (link), 16 (link)]. This cocktail disrupts the intestinal microbiota and significantly lowers microbial diversity [16 (link)]. In selected experiments, only ampicillin and metronidazole were used. After a washout period of two days with normal drinking water, mice were inoculated with B. pseudomallei or sacrificed naïve. Weights of control- and antibiotic treated mice were equal at the moment of inoculation.
Metronidazole
Manufactured by Sanofi
Sourced in Spain, Netherlands, France
Metronidazole is a chemical compound used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in various laboratory equipment and medical products. It functions as an antimicrobial agent, specifically targeting anaerobic bacteria and certain parasites. The core function of Metronidazole is to provide a pharmacological solution for the treatment of infections caused by these microorganisms.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
7 protocols using metronidazole
1
Antibiotic Cocktail Disrupts Gut Microbiome
2
Pneumonia Induction in Mice by S. Pneumoniae
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Pneumonia was induced by intranasal inoculation with 1×106 CFU S. pneumoniae D39 as previously described.30–32 (link) For survival experiments, mice were checked every 6 h until death occurred. Sample harvesting, determination of bacterial growth and analysis (including pathology and immunohistochemistry) are described in the online supplementary file. In order to deplete the gut microbiota, mice were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics (ampicillin 1 g/L, Sigma; neomycin sulfate 1 g/L, Sigma; metronidazole 1 g/L, Sanofi-Aventis and vancomycin 0.5 g/L, Sandoz) in drinking water for 3 weeks as described.7 (link) Two days after cessation of antibiotic drinking water, mice were inoculated with S. pneumoniae. RNA preparation from alveolar macrophages and microarray profiling are described in the online supplementary file.
3
Antibiotic Cocktail Pretreatment for Fecal Transplant
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Neomycin (250 mg kg−1) (Sigma-Aldrich, Madrid, Spain), metronidazole (50 mg kg−1) (Sanofi, Gentilly, France) and polymyxin B (9 mg kg−1) (MedChemTronica, Stockholm, Sweden) were dissolved in sterile water and administered orally in a volume of 4 ml kg−1 [24 ]. The antibiotic cocktail (ABX) was prepared every day of treatment. To facilitate bacterial colonization through fecal transplantation, ABX was administered to 33 recipient animals (ABX group) for five consecutive days before the start of fecal transplants. The group of recipient animals that were not treated with ABX (No ABX group, n = 33) received sterile water.
4
Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Supplementation in Mice
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Broad-spectrum antibiotics (ampicillin 1.0 g/L; neomycin 1.0 g/L, both Sigma, Zwijndrecht, Netherlands; metronidazole 1.0 g/L, Sanofi-Aventis, Gouda, Netherlands and vancomycin 0.5 g/L, Xellia pharmaceuticals, Copenhagen, Denmark) were supplemented to the mice drinking water for 14 days.
5
Intracanal medicament comparison for root canal treatment
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The specimens were randomly divided according to the type of the ICM used inside the canal into 5 equal groups (n = 20): 1) the CH group, in which an injectable CH paste (Ultracal XS, Ultradent Products, South Jordan, UT, USA) was used; 2) the CHX group, in which an injectable 2% CHX gel (Gluco-CHeX 2% gel, PPH CERKAMED, Stalowa Wola, Poland) was used; 3) the TAP group, in which the ICM was a TAP containing a 1:1:1 ratio of doxycycline (Vibramycin 100 mg, Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA), ciprofloxacin (Cipro 500 mg, Schering-Plough, Kenilworth, NJ, USA), and metronidazole (Flagyl 500 mg, Sanofi-Aventis, Tours, France); 4) the DAP group, in which the ICM was a DAP containing a 1:1 ratio of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole; 5) the control (CON) group, where no ICM was applied.
The specimens within each group were further subdivided into 2 subgroups (n = 10) according to the plug material used, as follows: MTA (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) or BA.
The specimens within each group were further subdivided into 2 subgroups (n = 10) according to the plug material used, as follows: MTA (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) or BA.
6
Antibiotic Cocktail for Commensal Microbiota Ablation
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For ablation of commensal microbiota, an antibiotic cocktail of 1 g/l each of Ampicillin (sodium salt, Teva), Neomycin sulfate (Sigma), Metronidazole (Sanofi), and 0.5 g/l Vancomycin hydrochloride (Fisher) was used49 (link). Antibiotics were added to the drinking water on a weekly basis for 4 weeks.
7
Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics in Mice
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