[11C] PIB and [18F] FDG PET scanning was performed with 15 mCi of [11C] PIB followed by 6–10 mCi of [18F] FDG (2 hours timespan between injections) at LBNL (Siemens ECAT EXACT HR PET or Siemens Biograph PET/CT scanner). Images were attenuation corrected using either a transmission scan or CT. PIB data were collected over a 90-minute measurement interval (four frames × 15 s, eight × 30 s, nine × 60 s, two × 180 s, eight × 300 s, three × 600 s), and FDG over a 30-minute measurement interval (six frames × 5 minutes, starting 30 minutes postinjection). After smoothing (4 mm Gaussian kernel with scatter correction) and preprocessing, FDG-images were intensity normalized to the mean glucose metabolism within the pons, manually edited from the subcortical FreeSurfer 5.1 brainstem segmentation (Fischl et al., 2002 (link)). PIB data processing used Logan graphical analysis with a cerebellar gray reference region to construct distribution volume ratio (DVR) images (Landau et al., 2012 (link); Wirth et al., 2014b (link)).
Ecat exact hr pet
Manufactured by Siemens
The ECAT EXACT HR PET is a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging system designed for high-resolution imaging. It is capable of acquiring high-quality images of the human body to aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of various medical conditions.
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5 protocols using ecat exact hr pet
1
PET Imaging Protocol for Amyloid and Glucose Metabolism
2
Longitudinal PiB-PET Imaging of Amyloid Deposition
3
Quantifying Amyloid-Beta Deposition Using PET
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C11-PIB imaging was performed using a Siemens ECAT EXACT HR + PET scanner. Before injection, 10-min transmission scans for attenuation correction were collected. After injection of 8.5–15 mCi PIB, 60-min of dynamic data were acquired in 3D acquisition mode. Data were manually evaluated and corrected for motion. Then, a mean image was created by averaging across the first 8 min of data acquisition and used for co-registration.
The present study used Freesurfer ROIs from the Desikan-Killiany atlas to extract mean DVR values from the mean PET image. Each PET image was coregistered to that subjects T1 Freesurfer processed structural image and mapped into native PET space. The native space labels were then used to make ROI measurements computed using the Logan plot method with cerebellar grey matter as the reference region. The present study averaged left and right precuneus ROIs an indicator of Aβ deposition, which is one of the earliest regions to accumulate Aβ in AD (Jagust, 2009 (link)), shows some of the greatest cortical PIB binding (Mintun et al., 2006 (link), Rowe et al., 2007 (link)), has some of the highest inter-rater reliability scores (Rosario et al., 2011 (link)), and shows the strongest difference between normal controls and AD patients (Rowe et al., 2008 (link)).
The present study used Freesurfer ROIs from the Desikan-Killiany atlas to extract mean DVR values from the mean PET image. Each PET image was coregistered to that subjects T1 Freesurfer processed structural image and mapped into native PET space. The native space labels were then used to make ROI measurements computed using the Logan plot method with cerebellar grey matter as the reference region. The present study averaged left and right precuneus ROIs an indicator of Aβ deposition, which is one of the earliest regions to accumulate Aβ in AD (Jagust, 2009 (link)), shows some of the greatest cortical PIB binding (Mintun et al., 2006 (link), Rowe et al., 2007 (link)), has some of the highest inter-rater reliability scores (Rosario et al., 2011 (link)), and shows the strongest difference between normal controls and AD patients (Rowe et al., 2008 (link)).
4
FDG-PET Imaging Protocol Standardization
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FDG was purchased commercially. All FDG-PET images were created using either a 3-dimensional GE Discovery 690 PET/CT scanner or a Siemens ECAT EXACT HR+ PET scanner. Each subject fasted for at least 6 h, resulting in a plasma glucose level less than 120 mg/dl (6.7 mM) at the time of the tracer administration. All patients were injected i.v. with a dose of 142 ± 8 MBq FDG as a slow bolus while sitting quietly in a room with a low noise level and dimmed light. A static emission frame was acquired from 30 to 60 min p.i. for the Siemens ECAT EXACT HR+ PET scanner, respectively from 30 to 45 min p.i. for the Discovery 690 PET/DT. For attenuation correction, a transmission scan with external 68Ge-sources (Siemens) or a low-dose CT was performed before the static acquisition. PET data were reconstructed iteratively (GE) or with filtered back-projection (Siemens).
5
PET Imaging of Amyloid Deposition
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Details of PET imaging are given elsewhere.20 (link) All PET scans used Pittsburgh compound B (11C-PiB) as the radioactive tracer. Scans were performed using two different scanner types, Biograph TruePoint 6 PET/computed tomography (N=9) and Siemens ECAT EXACT HR PET (N=69), and were processed using methods described by Lehmann et al.24 (link)We considered two PET outcomes. Two experienced raters who were blinded to plasma and clinical data rated the scans as either high NAB or low NAB to give a dichotomous outcome. Second, the 50–70-min standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) was used as a continuous outcome.25 (link)
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