To determine the dry mass, subsamples of leaves, branches and culms were oven-dried at 70 °C for 48 h in a drying oven (Memmert, GmbH & Co, Germany) to preserve the nutrients for chemical analysis. Nitrogen content was determined using the Dumas method by means of an element analyzer (CN 2000, LECO Corporation, USA). For phosphorus, carbon and potassium contents, the same method was used as for the pig slurry. Only the species B. oldhamii (BO), G. wrayi (GW), B. vulgaris (BVV), D. strictus (DS) were analyzed.
Cn 2000
Manufactured by Leco
Sourced in United States
The CN 2000 is a laboratory instrument used for the determination of carbon and nitrogen in solid samples. It performs elemental analysis by combustion of the sample and subsequent detection of the resulting carbon and nitrogen compounds.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Drying oven, by Memmert (1 mentions)
Soxtec system 2055 tecator, by Foss (1 mentions)
Mls 1200 mega, by Milestone (1 mentions)
Varian 725 es spectrophotometer, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
B 324, by Büchi (1 mentions)
Capillary ion analysis, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions)
Gf f glass microfibre filters, by Cytiva (1 mentions)
Whatman, by Cytiva (1 mentions)
6 protocols using cn 2000
1
Nutrient Analysis of Bamboo Species
2
Nutritional and Mineral Profile of Tef Crackers
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Protein, fat, moisture, ash and carbohydrate content were determined for the all crackers formulated. Protein content was determined by the Dumas method (AOAC, 2005 ) through in a CN-2000 elemental analyser (Leco Corp., St. Joseph, MI, USA). Protein was calculated from nitrogen using the conversion factor of 6.25. Fat content was determined using dried samples extracted with petroleum ether (BP 40–60C) during 4 h in an extracting unit Soxtec System 2055 Tecator (FOSS, Hillerød, Denmark) and gravimetrically determined. Moisture was measured by drying at 100 °C (AOAC, 2005 ). Ash content was determined by heating in a 550 °C furnace for 24 h (AOAC, 2005 ). Carbohydrates were estimated by difference.
Mineral content (Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, Zn and Se) of crackers were determined using a Radial Simultaneous inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) Varian 725-ES spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, US). Aliquots of tef crackers (0.5 g) were placed in Teflon cups, diluted with 6 mL of 65% HNO3 and 2 mL of 30% H2O2, heated for 6 min up to 200 °C and hold for 15 min at 200 °C for mineralization in a microwave digester (MLS 1200 mega, Milestone, Shelton, CN, US) and finally diluted to 25 mL. The determination was carried out in duplicated.
Mineral content (Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, Zn and Se) of crackers were determined using a Radial Simultaneous inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) Varian 725-ES spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, US). Aliquots of tef crackers (0.5 g) were placed in Teflon cups, diluted with 6 mL of 65% HNO3 and 2 mL of 30% H2O2, heated for 6 min up to 200 °C and hold for 15 min at 200 °C for mineralization in a microwave digester (MLS 1200 mega, Milestone, Shelton, CN, US) and finally diluted to 25 mL. The determination was carried out in duplicated.
3
Soil Physical and Chemical Analysis
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Soil properties were determined as previously described (Zhou et al., 2015 (link)). Soil water content was measured at 105°C for 8 h. Soil pH was determined in 2.5:1 (w:v) ratios of soil with distilled water using a DMP-2 mV/pH detector (Quark Ltd, Nanjing, China). Total soil C & N (%) were determined simultaneously by the Dumas method using a LECO CN 2000. NH4+-N and NO3--N were extracted with 2 M KCl at a soil/solution ratio of 1:5 by shaking at 200 rpm for 60 min and determined by a Continuous Flow Analyser (San++System, Skalar, Holland).
4
Comprehensive Nutrient Analysis of Pig Slurry
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Samples of raw and centrifuged slurry were taken every month. The nitrogen content of pig slurry was analyzed by the Kjeldahl method [66 (link)] with a digestion unit B-435 and a distillation unit B324 (Büchi Labortechnik AG, Switzerland). The mineral nitrogen (NO3− and NH4+) were analyzed by capillary ion analysis (Waters Corp., USA) [67 (link)]. The total phosphorus and potassium content were determined by a preliminary dry combustion (500 °C) and by the ammonium molybdate colorimetric method with a colorimeter for phosphorus (Proxima, Alliance Instruments Italy) and by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (220FS, Varian Inc., USA) for potassium content. The carbon content was determined using the Dumas method by means of an element analyzer (CN 2000, LECO Corporation, USA).
The leachates volumes were collected from the lysimeters every two weeks and measured with a bucket. Each collected sample was taken for nitrogen and phosphorus analysis: the mineral nitrogen (NO3− and NH4+) and phosphate (HPO42−) were analyzed by capillary ion analysis (Waters Corp., USA).
The leachates volumes were collected from the lysimeters every two weeks and measured with a bucket. Each collected sample was taken for nitrogen and phosphorus analysis: the mineral nitrogen (NO3− and NH4+) and phosphate (HPO42−) were analyzed by capillary ion analysis (Waters Corp., USA).
5
Determination of Total and Organic Carbon
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To determine total carbon (TC) and organic carbon (OC) concentration, six subsamples were filtered onto pre-weighed and pre-combusted (overnight at 550ºC) Whatman GF/F glass microfibre filters (47 mm diameter). Two subsamples were used to determine TC in a LECO CN 2000 analyser. Inorganic carbon (IC) was obtained by acid digestion (HCl 6M) of another two subsamples in a LECO CC-100 connected to the CN analyser. The difference between TC and IC was considered total organic carbon (TOC). Uncertainties were lower than 0.1%
6
Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Analysis
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Soil C and N were analysed using an elemental analyser (LECO CN-2000, St. Joseph, Michigan, USA) and the 13 ratio mass spectrometer (GV Instruments; Manchester, UK) at Lund University. The resulting δ 13 C values were expressed in parts per thousand (‰) relative to the international standard of Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (V-PDB):
where R sample is the isotope ratio of 13 C to 12 C of the sample, and R standard is the 13 C/ 12 C ratio of the international Pee Dee formation belemnite Cate standard (PDB) which is equal to 0.0112372. The average recovery of total carbon and 13 C in all fractions (POM, DOC, SA, SC) combined was 89 and 88%, respectively. We assumed that each fraction lost a similar amount of carbon during fractionation and corrected those losses accordingly. The DOC concentration was determined with a liquid analyser (DIMATOC 2000; Dimatec, Essen, Germany). For the analysis in the mass spectrometer, the DOC fraction was freeze dried. An appropriate amount of each sample (depending on its C concentration) was enclosed in tin (Sn) capsules for isotope analysis.
where R sample is the isotope ratio of 13 C to 12 C of the sample, and R standard is the 13 C/ 12 C ratio of the international Pee Dee formation belemnite Cate standard (PDB) which is equal to 0.0112372. The average recovery of total carbon and 13 C in all fractions (POM, DOC, SA, SC) combined was 89 and 88%, respectively. We assumed that each fraction lost a similar amount of carbon during fractionation and corrected those losses accordingly. The DOC concentration was determined with a liquid analyser (DIMATOC 2000; Dimatec, Essen, Germany). For the analysis in the mass spectrometer, the DOC fraction was freeze dried. An appropriate amount of each sample (depending on its C concentration) was enclosed in tin (Sn) capsules for isotope analysis.
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