Sodium citrate

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, India, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, France, Brazil, Canada, Australia, Ireland, Sao Tome and Principe, Mexico, Macao, Portugal, Austria

Sodium citrate is a chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a salt of citric acid and serves as a buffering agent, helping to maintain a specific pH level in solutions. Sodium citrate is a white, crystalline powder that is soluble in water.

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Lab products found in correlation

Silver nitrate, by Merck Group (67 mentions) Citric acid, by Merck Group (67 mentions) Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (58 mentions) Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (57 mentions) Triton x 100, by Merck Group (53 mentions) Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (47 mentions) Sodium borohydride, by Merck Group (42 mentions) Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (42 mentions) Ethanol, by Merck Group (38 mentions) Methanol, by Merck Group (34 mentions) Propidium iodide, by Merck Group (34 mentions) Potassium chloride (kcl), by Merck Group (28 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (26 mentions) Tween 20, by Merck Group (25 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (24 mentions) Acetic acid, by Merck Group (23 mentions) Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (23 mentions) Haucl4, by Merck Group (21 mentions) Calcium chloride, by Merck Group (20 mentions) Sodium acetate, by Merck Group (19 mentions)

748 protocols using sodium citrate

Antimicrobial Cheese Coatings with LGO

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Silver nitrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and sodium citrate were obtained from Merck. Sodium alginate (CAS 9005-38-3) was purchased from Fisher Scientific U.K. Ltd. (Redox Lab Supplies, Bucharest, Romania). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), sodium citrate, glycerol, nutrient broth, and agar were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Redox Lab Supplies, Bucharest, Romania). Lemongrass essential oil (LGO) was purchased from Carl Roth (Amex-Lab, Bucharest, Romania). All the chemicals were used without any further purification.
The soft telemea cheese (S.C. Fabrica de lapte Brasov S.A., Halchiu, BV, Romania) was obtained from a local supermarket in Bucharest, Romania.

Motelica L., Ficai D., Oprea O.C., Ficai A., Ene V.L., Vasile B.S., Andronescu E, & Holban A.M. (2021). Antibacterial Biodegradable Films Based on Alginate with Silver Nanoparticles and Lemongrass Essential Oil–Innovative Packaging for Cheese. Nanomaterials, 11(9), 2377.

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Anti-coagulation Analysis of Recombinant Proteins

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To determine the anti-coagulation ability of recLGP3 and synLGP4, prothrombin time (PT) was determined by a modified Quick one-stage method^{72 ,73 (link)}. Blood was collected from three Atlantic salmon (between 900 and 1400 g) into a syringe pre-filled with 10 mM sodium citrate (Merck) to a final ratio of one volume sodium citrate to nine volumes blood. The blood was centrifuged for 15 min at 180×g, 4 °C to collect the plasma. For each fish, 100 µl plasma was mixed with 100 µl 25 mM CaCl₂ (Merch) and 100 µl rabbit Thromboplastin (Sigma Aldrich, 100 µg/µl in 10 mM CaCl₂), and aliquoted into eight tubes at room temperature. Either 50 or 75 µg recLGP3 or 75 µg synLGP4 dissolved in 15 µl ddH₂O was added to the plasma mixture, or 15 µl ddH₂O for control plasma, all in duplicates. This setup gave two technical replicates per fish per treatment. The time until clot formation was measured while the tubes were continuously tilted back and forth 90 degrees but stopped after 45 min if no clotting was visible (only synLGP4 treated group). This experiment was repeated three times for LsLGP4 and twice for LsLGP3.

Øvergård A.C., Midtbø H.M., Hamre L.A., Dondrup M., Bjerga G.E., Larsen Ø., Chettri J.K., Buchmann K., Nilsen F, & Grotmol S. (2022). Small, charged proteins in salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) secretions modulate Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) immune responses and coagulation. Scientific Reports, 12, 7995.

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Sperm Chromatin Assessment Protocol

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In preparation for sperm chromatin assessment, slides were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution (Formaldehyde, Formalin; Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA, USA) for 1 hour at room temperature, then rinsed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS; Millipore Sigma, Darmstadt, Germany) three times and allowed to dry overnight. Spermatozoa were then permeabilized for 2 minutes at 4°C in 0.1% Triton X-100 (Triton X-100; Millipore Sigma, Darmstadt, Germany) and 0.1% Sodium Citrate (Sodium Citrate; Millipore Sigma, Darmstadt, Germany) in PBS. Slides were rinsed in PBS again and processed using a commercially available kit (In Situ Cell Death Detection Kit, Fluorescein; Roche, Mannheim, Germany). Sperm nuclei were counterstained with 7 ul of DAPI, cover-slipped and assessed at 1000x on a fluorescent microscope (Eclipse 50i; Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). The incidence of DNA fragmentation was assessed in at least 500 spermatozoa, with a threshold of 15% (normal).

Cheung S., Schlegel P.N., Rosenwaks Z, & Palermo G.D. (2019). Revisiting aneuploidy profile of surgically retrieved spermatozoa by whole exome sequencing molecular karyotype. PLoS ONE, 14(1), e0210079.

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Growth Factor Expression Quantification

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Example 31

Growth Factor Expression and Production

Microbeads were uncross-linked in 82.5 mM sodium citrate (Sigma), pelleted at 500 g for 10 minutes and washed 2 more times in sodium citrate to remove any residual alginate. TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen) was added to the resulting cell pellet, homogenized using a QIAshredder (QIAGEN, Valencia, Calif., USA), and RNA was isolated using chloroform. 1 μg RNA was then reverse transcribed to cDNA using a High Capacity Reverse Transcription cDNA kit (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, Calif., USA). Expression of growth factors genes were quantified as previously described using real-time PCR with gene-specific primers using the Step One Plus Real-time PCR System and Power Sybr® Green Master Mix (Applied Biosystems) [20]. Primers were designed using Beacon Designer software (Premier Biosoft, Palo Alto, Calif., USA) and synthesized by Eurofins MWG Operon (Huntsville, Ala., USA) unless otherwise noted (Table 3). Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2), Osteoprotegerin (OPG), VEGF-A, FGF-2, and osteocalcin (OCN) production over the last 24 hours of culture was quantified using ELISA (R&D Systems) and a radioimmunoassay for the OCN (BTI Inc. Stoughton, Mass., USA) and normalized to DNA content measured with a Quant-iTPicoGreen kit (Invitrogen).

US10441610B2. Protein delivery from stem cell microcarriers (2019-10-15). None [US], None [US], None [US], None [US], None [US]. Inventors: Barbara Dale Boyan [US], Zvi Schwartz [US], Christopher S. D. Lee [US], Shirae Kerisha Leslie [US], Ramsey C. Kinney [US].

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Thrombosis Assay in Vascular Cells

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Venous blood samples were drawn from the antecubital vein of healthy volunteers and collected in a 15-ml tube containing 3.8% sodium citrate (Sigma-Aldrich) as anticoagulant at a 1:9 ratio of sodium citrate/blood. The blood was injected into the vessels containing HUVEC or EPC in the presence or absence of 1 lM S1P.
Non-cell-coated DHUV and Eppendorf tubes were served as controls. To initiate the blood coagulation cascade, 0.25 M calcium chloride solution was added to the citrated blood samples. The two ends of the vessels which were approximately two cm in length were then sealed and after a predetermined time, one end of each vein was cut, and the blood sample was transferred into a 15-ml tube containing 5 ml of distilled water. Red blood cells were broken up by the hypotonic solution and released hemoglobin. The red blood cells that had not been trapped in a thrombus were hemolyzed, whereas free hemoglobin was dissolved the water. The concentration of the free hemoglobin dissolved in the water was colorimetrically measured at 540 nm wavelength using a plate reader. The change in the optical density of the solution versus time was plotted. Clotting times were estimated for all test materials, including the tubes, non-seeded HUV, cell-seeded HUV and cellseeded HUV with S1P treatment as previously described [38, 39] .

Hsia K., Yang M.J., Chen W.M., Yao C.L., Lin C.H., Loong C.C., Huang Y.L., Lin Y.T., Lander A.D., Lee H, & Lu J.H. (2017). Sphingosine-1-phosphate improves endothelialization with reduction of thrombosis in recellularized human umbilical vein graft by inhibiting syndecan-1 shedding in vitro. Acta biomaterialia, 51.

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Colloidal Synthesis of Au Nanoparticles

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Colloidal syntheses of the Au NPs were performed according to the procedure described in [49 (link)], who showed a metal salt reduction in aqueous solution using sodium citrate (Sigma-Aldrich, Dorset, UK). A reaction flask, filled with 150 mL of 0.25 mM of HAuCl₄ (Sigma-Aldrich, Dorset, UK) aqueous solution, was heated to the boiling point under reflux while stirring, and then sodium citrate was rapidly injected. The solution in the flask was kept at the boiling point, until the color solution became wine red. The reaction solution was then cooled down to room temperature and stored in the dark at 4 °C. After cooling, the solution was centrifuged at 7500 rpm for 45 min and washed three times with MilliQ water to remove the residuals.

De Matteis V., Cascione M., Rizzello L., Manno D.E., Di Guglielmo C, & Rinaldi R. (2021). Synergistic Effect Induced by Gold Nanoparticles with Polyphenols Shell during Thermal Therapy: Macrophage Inflammatory Response and Cancer Cell Death Assessment. Cancers, 13(14), 3610.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles

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The glassware and other equipment were thoroughly cleaned to remove dust to prevent aggregation of the AuNPs, which were produced using a modified Turkevich method.^{53 (link)} sodium citrate solution was made with 40 ml DI water and 0.456 g sodium citrate (1613859, Sigma Aldrich). We added 138 μl of gold(iii) chloride solution (484385, Sigma Aldrich) and preheated sodium citrate solution to 400 ml of boiling DI water, stirring vigorously. After 45 min of continuous stirring, the reactor was covered to prevent dust entering and the hot plate was cooled to 25 °C. The AuNP solution was concentrated using an Amicon® Stirred Cell (Merck KGaA). The desired concentration was quantitated using UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometry (V-670, Jasco) by diluting the filtered solution.

Oh S., Kim J, & Chang S.T. (2018). Highly sensitive metal-grid strain sensors via water-based solution processing. RSC Advances, 8(73), 42153-42159.

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Optimization of Citrate and Phosphate Buffers

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1 M sodium Citrate and 2 M potassium phosphate buffers were prepared by mixing 1 M solutions of sodium Citrate (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) and citric acid (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), and 2 M solutions of di- and mono-basic potassium phosphate (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) were mixed to reach the desired pH. Citrate buffers produced were pH 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0, and phosphate pH was 6.0, 6.5 and 7.0. The higher concentration of phosphate buffers was used to counteract the poor pH retention after SE in the phosphate buffered samples observed in initial trial experiments (unpublished).

Michalak L., Knutsen S.H., Aarum I, & Westereng B. (2018). Effects of pH on steam explosion extraction of acetylated galactoglucomannan from Norway spruce. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 11, 311.

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Quantifying ECM Components in Alginate Beads

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Samples were digested with papain (125 µg/mL) in 0.1mol/L sodium acetate, 5 mmol/L L-cysteine HCl, 0.05 mol/L EDTA and 55 mmol/L sodium citrate (Sigma-Aldrich) at 60 °C for 18 h followed by an additional incubation for 1 h with 1 mol/L sodium citrate under constant agitation to disrupt the alginatecalcium crosslinks. DNA content of each sample was quantified using the Hoechst Bisbenzimide 33258 dye assay, using a calf thymus DNA as standard. Proteoglycan content was estimated by quantifying the amount of sGAG in alginate beads using the DMMB assay (Blyscan, Biocolor Ltd., Carrickfergus, Northern Ireland, UK), with a chondroitin sulphate standard. Total collagen content was determined by measuring the hydroxyproline content. Samples were hydrolysed at 110 °C for 18 h in concentrated HCl (38 %) and assayed using a chloramine-T assay (Kafienah and Sims, 2004) , using a hydroxyproline to collagen ratio of 1 : 7.69 (Ignat'eva et al., 2007) .

Gansau J, & Buckley C.T. (2021). Priming as a strategy to overcome detrimental pH effects on cells for intervertebral disc regeneration. European cells & materials, 41.

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Optimizing Pharmaceutical Formulation Composition

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PEG 6000, gelatin, sodium citrate, lactose hydrate, L-HPC, polyvinylpyrrolidone, magnesium stearate, croscarmellose sodium, sodium citrate and colloidal silicon dioxide were of high purity (<98%) and purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. To avoid the interference's effect, all the dilution processes were conducted using deionized water including preparation of the buffer solutions. IP was kindly gifted by Dr. Naeemah Jabbar Owaid.

Al-Ani A.W., Jeber J.N., & Elewi A.S. (2021). Development of a nanostructured double-layer coated tablet based on polyethylene glycol/gelatin as a platform for hydrophobic molecules delivery. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 0(0), 0-0.

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