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330 protocols using cary 60

1

Determination of Ant Honey Color and Pfund Value

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Color was determined by dissolving the ant honey in deionized water to 50% (w/v) before measuring the optical density at 450 nm and 720 nm using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer (Cary 60, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The difference in the two optical density values was calculated, then multiplied by 1000, and expressed in milli-absorbance units (mAU) [29 (link)].
For the determination of Pfund value, 1 g of ant honey was dissolved in 2 mL of deionized water, and the absorbance of the ant honey solution was measured with a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer (Cary 60, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) at 635 nm [30 (link)]. The Pfund value was calculated as

where Pfund = color value in Pfund scale, and Abs = absorbance at 635 nm.
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2

Quantifying Mesaconyl-CoA via Spectrophotometry

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UV spectra (220–350 nm) of both HPLC-purified
mesaconyl-CoA forms were recorded via spectrophotometer (Cary 60,
Agilent). CoA thioester concentrations were measured by depletion
in a coupled NADPH-dependent assay26 by
reduction via succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SucD, EC:1.2.1.76)
spectrophotometrically27 (link) (Cary 60, Agilent)
in a 1 cm quartz cuvette (300 μL assay volume; 200 mM HEPES,
pH 7.5, 70 nM SucD, 0.7 mM NADPH and about 0.25 mM mesaconyl-CoA)
at 365 nm and 37 °C.
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3

Electron-bifurcating H2 Oxidation Assay

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Electron-bifurcating (NAD+- and Fd-dependent) H2-oxidizing activity was assayed as described previously (Kpebe et al., 2018 (link)): in anaerobic quartz cuvettes, under 1 bar of H2, in 800 μL-mixture containing 100 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 5 μM of FMN, 5 μM of FAD, and 3 mM NAD+ in the presence of 20 μM of purified FdxB ferredoxin from D. fructosovorans. NAD+- and FdxB-reduction were followed simultaneously by recording a full spectrum every 30 s from 300 to 800 nm for 1 h, using a Cary 60 (Varian) in a glovebox. NAD+- and FdxB-reduction rates were determined at 340 and 410 nm, respectively using the QSoas software (Fourmond, 2016 (link)), an open source program available at www.qsoas.org. The specific activity is given in μmol of NADH/min/mg. The absorption coefficients used were: ε(NADH) = 6,320 M−1·cm−1, ε(FdxBox410 nm) = 24,000 M−1·cm−1 and ε(FdxBred410 nm) = 12,000 M−1·cm−1 (Kpebe et al., 2018 (link)).
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4

Spectrophotometric Analysis of Sn(II) Complexes

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All UV-Vis absorption spectra were measured on a Cary 60 spectrophotometer (Varian, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA) using 1.0 cm quartz cells in a room at a temperature of 25 °C. The solutions were prepared by mixing solutions of HKaem and SnCl2 with total molar concentrations of 50 μM in Kaem:Sn(II) molar ratios varying from 9:1 to 1:9. Stabilities of the complex were investigated by addition of different concentrations of water, acid, and base to the solution of 50 µM SnCl2 and 50 µM HKaem. For the reaction of HKaem with Sn(OAc)2, 100 μM HKaem was added to 100 and 200 μM Sn(OAc)2 in ethanol. The absorption spectra to monitor the reactions were measured after 30 min when the reactions had reached equilibrium. For the reaction of HApi with SnCl2, 100 µM HApi was added to 100 µM SnCl2 in ethanol and stored for 30 min and 24 h. Then, UV-Vis spectroscopy was performed for the two solutions.
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5

Optical Sensing of Testosterone via Hydrogel Swelling

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Testosterone adsorption into the binding sites resulted in a change in Bragg diffraction of the polymer due to swelling or shrinking of the hydrogel film and refractive index changes, and therefore a clear optical signal can be detected. UV-Vis reflectance spectra of the films were recorded and their respective λmax was correlated to solution concentration. The diffraction peak λmax for the porous hydrogel is given by the Bragg equation: λmax=1.633(dm)(DD0)(na2sinθ2)0.5
where d is the sphere diameter of the colloidal silica particle, m is the order of Bragg diffraction, (D/D0) is the degree of swelling of the gel (D and D0 denote the diameters of the gel in the equilibrium state at a certain condition and in the reference state, respectively), na is the average refractive index of the porous gel at a particular condition, and θ is the angle of incidence.
The reflectance of the films was measured over a wavelength range of 200–800 nm, using a double-beam UV–visible spectrophotometer (Cary 60, Varian, Palo Alto, CA, USA) with a Harrick Scientific’s Specular Reflection Accessory (ERA-30G) at a fixed angle of 30°.
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6

UV-Vis Absorption Spectra of Flavonoids

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All UV-vis absorption spectra were measured on a Cary60 spectrophotometer (Varian, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA) using 1.0 cm quartz cells in a thermostated room at 25 °C. The absorption spectra were obtained by two methods: (i) adding increasing amounts of AEM(ii) ions to 20 μM Kaem or Api, (ii) mixing solutions of Kaem or Api and AEM(ii) ions with invariable total molar concentrations but varying molar ratios from 19 : 1 to 1 : 19 for Mg(ii) or Ca(ii), and from 9 : 1 to 1 : 9 for Sr(ii) or Ba(ii) ions.
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7

Quantification of 9-cis-retinal Pigment

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UV-visible spectra were measured in the dark from freshly purified samples using a UV-visible spectrophotometer (Cary 60, Varian, Palo Alto, CA), and their concentrations were quantified based on the extinction coefficient calculated for 9-cis-retinal regenerated pigment, ε 487 nm = 43,000 M−1 cm−1 (Spalink et al. 1983 (link)).
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8

Evaluating Antioxidant Capacity Using TEAC Assay

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The TEAC (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity) assay was conducted to assess the antioxidant capacity of each extract as described by Scaglia et al. (2020) by evaluating the 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS + ) radical cation decolorization reaction. ABTS + was produced by mixing an aqueous solution of ABTS (7 mM) with potassium persulfate (2.45 mM, final concentration) and by letting the mixture react in the dark at room temperature for 12-16 h.
Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) was used as standard. 100 µl of hexane extract and of properly diluted samples were dissolved in 3.9 ml ABTS + solution, and 1 ml of the resulting solution was read at λ=734 nm both after 6 minutes and at the end of reaction (in the dark). The antioxidant capacity was expressed as trolox µmol that produce the same decolorization of 1 g of sample (µmol Trolox g -1 sample ) and the calibration curve was linear between 0.25 and 12.5 µM trolox (6-point curve, R² = 0.99). The antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid (A4403, Sigma-Aldrich, USA) was tested as a reference to verify the overall goodness of the procedure. The spectrophotometric analysis was carried out with a UV/visible Varian Cary 60. Analyses were conducted in triplicate.
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9

Hydrazine-Triggered Fluorescent Sensor

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All chemicals used in this study were commercially purchased and used as received. Hydrazine monohydrate (79 %), Rhodamine 6G, 6- hydroxymethyl-2-pyridinecarboxyladehyde, acetonitrile, ethanol, DMSO (d6), PBS buffer, tetrabutylammonium, and nitrate salts were used in this experiment. Microwave irradiation reactions were conducted in microwave reactor (CEM). 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra were recorded at 400 MHz NMR on a Bruker Avance spectrometer with tetramethyl silane (TMS) as an internal standard and DMSO‑d6 as solvent. MALDI-HRMS analysis was recorded using Bruker 12 T solarix FT-ICR- MS. Absorption and fluorescence spectra were recorded by Agilent Cary 60 and Varian Cary Eclipse spectrometer, respectively. A time- correlated single-photon-counting device was used to investigate the fluorescence lifetime decay of sensor and its metal complex.
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10

Purification of Rhodopsin from Mouse Eyes

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Mouse eyes, collected under dim red light (n = 6) per group were gently homogenized in a glass-glass homogenizer in 2 ml of 20 mM Bis-tris propane (BTP), 120 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, and protease inhibitor cocktail, pH 7.5, followed by centrifugation at 16,000g for 10 min at 4 °C. The supernatants were discarded, while pellets were incubated in 20 mM BTP, 120 mM NaCl, 20 mM n-dodecyl-β-D-maltopyranoside (DDM), and protease inhibitor cocktail, pH 7.5 for 1 h at 4 °C on nutator to solubilize the membranes. The lysates were centrifuged at 100,000g for 1 h at 4 °C and Rho was purified from the supernatant by immunoaffinity chromatography with an anti-Rho C-terminal 1D4 antibody immobilized on CNBr-activated agarose. Three hundred μl of 6 mg 1D4/ml agarose beads were added to the supernatant and incubated for 1 h at 4 °C on the nutator. The resin was then transferred to a column and washed with 15 ml of 20 mM BTP, 120 mM NaCl, and 2 mM DDM, pH 7.5. Rho was eluted with the same buffer, supplemented with 0.6 mg/ml of the TETSQVAPA peptide. The UV-visible spectra of freshly purified Rho samples were measured in the dark with a UV-visible spectrophotometer (Cary 60, Varian, Palo Alto, CA).
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