1 phenyl 3 methyl 5 pyrazolone pmp

The twigs and leaves of J. convallium were collected in May, 2017 in Lhasa, Tibet, PR China, and were identified by associate Prof. Ji De (College of Science, Tibet University). The voucher specimen (JC201705) was kept in the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China. In addition, then the plants were crushed into powder by a disintegrator.
DEAE-cellulose 52 was purchased from Whatman (Maidstone, England), and Sephacryl^TM S-300 High Resolution from Amersham Biosciences (Uppsala, Sweden). Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), sodium borohydride and iodomethane were purchased from Sino-pharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). NaBH4, D₂O and anhydrous DMSO were purchased from Adamas-beta. Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Monosaccharide standards (glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, ribose, xylose, and rhamnose) and N-cyclohexyl-N’-(2-morpholinoethyl) carbodiimide methyl-p-toluenesulfonate (CMC) and 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). All other reagents were of the highest available quality.

The fruiting bodies of D. indusiata were purchased from Yibin, Sichuan Province, China. The raw materials were dried at 45 °C and milled into powders, then stored at −20 °C for further analysis. α-Amylase (1000 U/mg), pancreatin (4000 U/g), pepsin (3000 U/g), bile salt, cysteine, hemin, 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), resazurin, and vitamin K1 were all bought from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Other chemicals and reagents used in this work were of analytical grade.

Monosaccharide standards (≥99.5% purity, Sigma Aldrich, USA), including D-mannose (Man), Glucosamine (GlcN), L-rhamnose (Rha, internal standard, IS), Galactosamine (GalN), Glucuronic acid (GlcA), D-glucose (Glc), D-galactose (Gal), D-xylose (Xyl), L-fucose (Fuc), 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP, Sigma Aldrich, USA) were used for experiments. Hydrochloric acid, Sodium hydroxide, Ammonium acetate, Acetic acid, trifluoroAcetic acid (TFA), Ammonia and CHCl₃ were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent (Shanghai, China). HPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from Merck, Germany. MilliQ water was used from AQUELIX system (MILLIPORE, Germany). All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade and were commercially procured.

Four batches of leaves of C. violaceum were collected from Chengdu, Langzhong, Bazhong, and Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province, China. Then, samples were dried and milled into powders. Subsequently, the powders were passed through a 60-mesh size screen and stored at −20 °C for further analysis.
Gallic acid, rutin, 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl (DPPH), chlorogenic acid, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, 2,4,6-tri(2pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), 2,2′-azino-Bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), phosphoric acid, sulfanilamide, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl chroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), and monosaccharide standards (rhamnose, mannose, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, galactose, glucose, xylose, and arabinose) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

The mobile phase organic solvent acetonitrile was purchased from Fisher Chemical and was of HPLC grade. Potassium phosphate dibasic was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and was of ACS grade. The glucose standard was purchased from Fisher Chemical and was of ACS grade. The derivatizing reagent 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and was of ACS grade. The tryptic soy broth (TSB) growth medium was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and was of microbiology grade. Iron oxide and iron chloride were purchased from Fisher Chemical and were of reagent grade. The Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 microbe were purchased from ATCC as a frozen culture.