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30 protocols using hexanol

1

Comprehensive Phenolic Profile Analysis

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All reagents, either analytical or HPLC grade, were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The phenol standards (3-hydroxytyrosol, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethanol (tyrosol), p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, vanillin, luteolin, apigenin, pinoresinol, p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (internal standard 1), o-coumaric acid (internal standard 2) oleuropein and caffeic acid), Trolox, fluorescein, and 2,2′-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Volatile standards 4-methyl-2-pentanol (internal standard), ethanol, ethyl propionate, 4-methyl-2 pentanone, butyl acetate, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 3-octanone, acetic acid, propionic acid, 1-octanol, butyric acid, heptanoic acid, nonanoic acid, (E)-2-hexenal, hexanal, hexanol, (E)-2-nonenal were purchased from Merck. Tocopherols standards were purchased from Calbiochem (Merck). All standards had a purity of 98% or higher.
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2

Synthesis of Silica-Coated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

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Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2·6H2O), cyclohexane (C6H12), hexanol (C6H13OH), ethanol (C2H5OH) and polystyrene was obtained from d from Merck, Germany. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and dimethylformamide (DMF) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Mssouri, United States).
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3

Synthesis and Characterization of Rhodamine-Labeled Silica Nanoparticles

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FA was purchased from Mehr Darou pharmaceutical company (Iran). (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES, 99%), polyvinyl chloride (PVP), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC, 98.0%), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS, 98.0%), rhodamine B, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, 98%), and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were provided from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (USA). Cyclohexane, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrochloric acid (HCl), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium ascorbate (SA), toluene, hexanol, ammonia solution, and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were obtained from Merck (Germany). Also, phosphate buffer solution (PBS, 98.0%) and trisaminomethane hydrochloride (Tris-HCl) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company (Germany). Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640, fetal bovine serum (FBS), and trypsin-EDTA (25%) were obtained from Gibco Co. (UK). All cell lines were provided from the National Cell Bank of Iran (NCBI) in Tehran (Iran).
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4

Electrochemical Detection of Ractopamine

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β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD), valine, N-hydroxysuccinimide, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, aspartic acid and dipenicillamine (DPA) purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Ontario, Canada), potassium chloride, potassium ferrocyanide, potassium hexacyanoferrate(iii), hexanol, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), ethanol, dried toluene, N,N-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glutamic acid, cysteine, cyclohexane, urea were produced by the German company Merck, aptamer (5′-SH-AAA AAG TGC GGGC-3′) purchased from Takapouzist (Tehran, Iran), ractopamine hydrochloride produced by tocris (Bristol, Britain), human plasma samples were obtained from plasma blood transfusion research center (Tabriz, Iran).
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5

Volatile Compound Analysis of Wheat and Buckwheat Flour

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Wheat and buckwheat flour was purchased from a local supermarket in Dalian, Liaoning, China. Standard chemicals: analytical grade (pentanal, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, 1‐penten‐3‐ol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol, toluene, ethyl benzene, p‐xylene, styrene, 2‐pentyl‐furan, and C4–C20 n‐alkanes) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. Internal standards (tetracosane, p‐chloro‐L‐phenylalanine, 5R‐cholestan‐3β‐ol, Phenyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside) were purchased from Aladdin.
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6

Reverse Micelle Assembly Protocols

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All reverse micelle samples were made with 37.5 mM cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, ≥99%, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), 450 mM hexanol (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99%) as a cosurfactant, with pentane (≥99%, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) as the solvent. These concentrations were chosen because at 75 mM CTAB and above, interparticle interactions among RMs are observed [33 (link)] and 450 mM hexanol accommodates the entire range of water loadings as determined by visual sample clarity. RM assembly was achieved by direct injection of varying water volumes into the CTAB/hexanol/pentane solution and mixing [35 (link)]. Samples comprising of the following water loading (W0) values were used in this study: 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5, and 35. Contrast variation by SANS was achieved using 99.9% deuterium oxide (D2O; Sigma-Aldrich) for characterization of the aqueous core of the RM and fully deuterated CTAB (D-CTAB; Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Cambridge, MA; D42, 98%) for characterization of the RM shell. All SANS samples contained a single deuterated component. The cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA) counterion, bromine (Br), provides ample scattering length density (Table S1) for SAXS characterization of the bromine distribution within the RM aqueous core [33 (link)].
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7

Lipids and Fluorescent Probes for Membrane Studies

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Phosphocholine (PC) lipids including DOPC (dioleoyl-PC, or di-18:1-PC), DPPC (dipalmitoyl-PC or di-16:0-PC), POPC (palmitoyl-oleoyl-PC or 16:0-18:1-PC), di16:1-Δ9cis-PC, di18:1-Δ6cis-PC, di14:1-Δ9cis-PC, lyso(18:0)-PC, and palmitoyl sphingomyelin (PSM or 18:1-16:0 SM) were from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL). Texas Red dihexadecanoyl-phosphoethanolamine was from Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY), and cholesterol was from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Lipid structures appear in Fig. S1. Stock solutions of laurdan (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and C-laurdan (a gift from B. R. Cho, Seoul, Korea) were prepared in ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Alcohols (ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, octanol, decanol, tetradecanol, hexadecanol, propofol, and 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), DMSO, and all additional reagents were from Sigma Aldrich unless specified. All alcohols were purchased at their highest available purity. All materials were used as from the manufacturer without further purification.
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8

Comprehensive Flavor Compound Reference Protocol

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Reference standards (+) -β-Pinene (≥98.5%), 1-Octen-3-ol, borneol (≥95%), butyric acid (≥99.5%), citral (≥95%), cis-3-hexen-1-ol (≥98%), diacetyl, dimethyl sulphide, dimethyl trisulphide (≥98.5%), 3-methylbutanal (≥97%), 2-methylbutanal (≥95%), ethyl 2-methylbutanoate (99%), ethyl 2-methylpentanoate (internal standard, ≥99%), ethyl-3-methylbutanoate (≥98%), 3-methylbutyl-2-methylpropanoate (≥98%), 2-methylbutyl-2-methylpropanoate (≥95%), and ethyl cinnamate (99%), ethyl 2-methylpropanoate (≥99%), ethyl 3-methylbutanoate (≥98%), ethyl 4-methylpentanoate (≥97%), ethyl butanoate (≥99,5%), ethyl hexanoate (≥99.5%), eugenol (99.6%), furaneol (≥99%), geraniol (≥99%), hexanol (≥99%), 3-methylbutyl acetate (≥97%), linalool (97%), menthol (99%), methyl nonanoate (≥99.8%), myrcene (≥90%), geranyl acetate (≥97%), dimethyl disulphide (≥90%), limonene (97%), hexanal (≥98%), 3-hexenol (≥95%), 2-phenyl ethanol (≥99%), β-caryophyllene (≥80%), α-humulene (≥96%), humulene oxide, S-methyl 5-methylpentanthioate S-methyl hexanthioate, S-methyl 4-methylpentanoate and theaspirane (≥90%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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9

Diverse Odorant, Tastant, and Food Preparation

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Sucrose (S7903), ammonium hydroxide (44273), sodium hydroxide (S5881), pyridine (P3776), dimethyl amine (426458) Sucrose (84097), phenethylamine (241008), ethyl butyrate (W242705) and hexanol (H13303) were all obtained from Sigma. For PER assays, water was used as the solvent. Odorants were dissolved in paraffin oil (18512, Sigma) or water as mentioned for single sensillum recordings. Tastants were dissolved in 30 mM TCC (Sigma, T0252) for extracellular tip recordings.
For making fly food yellow cornmeal (57020, Quaker), dextrose (G8270, Sigma), inactive dry yeast (75570, Lynside), propionic acid (402907, Sigma) and tegosept (20-258, Apex chemical and reagent) were used. Tetramin® fish food tablets (16110) used for feeding mosquito larvae were obtained from Tetra Gmbh. Melle, Germany. Adult mosquitoes were blood-fed with defibrinated bovine blood.
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10

Sensory Evaluation of Food Additives

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Commercially available food additive products were used in the human sensory test. Food-grade NaCl was purchased from Naikaisyoji (Tokyo, Japan), and monosodium glutamate (MSG) was purchased from Ajinomoto Co., Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). All flavor compounds (of food additive grade), including propionaldehyde, butanal, isobutylaldehyde, 2-methylbutylaldehyde, pentanal, IVA, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, propionic acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, isovaleric acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, propyl alcohol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, hexanol, heptanol, methional, methionol, and 3-(methiylthiol) propionic acid, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis. MO, USA). Deionized water for test solutions and mouth rinsing was supplied by a Mill-Q water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). γ-Glu-Val-Gly was obtained from Ajinomoto Co., Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). NPS-2143, a CaSR inhibitor, was synthesized, as described by Rybczynska et al. [41 (link)]. Chemicals for cell based-assays, such as CaCl2, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and probenecid, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis. MO, USA).
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