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272 protocols using advia 2400

1

Biomarker Detection for Liver Disease

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Blood samples were collected from the patients enrolled in the study within three days after admission. Approximately 3-5 mL fasting venous blood was collected in heparin anticoagulant and anticoagulant-free serum tubes. After collection, samples were mixed, coagulated, and centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 5 min. The serum level of PIVKA-II was detected by chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (Archtect i1000, ABBOTT, United States). The serum level of AFP was detected by electrochemiluminescence assay (Cobas e602, Roche, Inc., Germany). The serum level of total bilirubin (TBIL) was detected by vanadate oxidation method (ADVIA-2400, SIEMENS, Germany). The serum levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine amino transferase (ALT) , and aspartate transaminase (AST) were detected by rate method (ADVIA-2400, SIEMENS, Germany). The serum level of total bile acid (TBA) was detected by enzyme cycle method (ADVIA-2400, SIEMENS, Germany). The serum level of albumin (ALB) was detected by albumin-bromocresol green method (ADVIA-2400, SIEMENS, Germany).
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2

Cystatin C and Diabetes Biomarkers

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Venous blood samples from patients with DM were collected within the first 24 hours after admission. The samples were prepared immediately by centrifugation and processed for determination of cystatin C. Serum levels of cystatin C were measured via particle-enhanced immunonephelometric assay using the Siemens ADVIA 2400 autoanalyzer (Siemens AG, Munich, Germany). Fasting venous blood samples from patients with DM were also tested for albumin (ALB), blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin (Hb), fasting hs-CRP (hs-C reactive protein), HbA1c (glycosylated hemoglobin), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and LDL (low density lipoprotein) with the use of the Siemens ADVIA 2400 automatic biochemistry analyzer (Siemens AG). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration Group (CKD-EPI) equation.21 (link)
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3

Quantitative Analysis of Glycemic Markers

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The reagents and instruments used in the present study were as follows: (1) HbA1c detection was accomplished using Purimus Ultra2 Hemoglobin A1c analyzer that was based on the principle of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); the results were compared with that using Variant Ⅱ Turbo hemoglobin analyzer (Bio-Rad) and there was no statistically significant difference between the two methods (P = 0.783). (2) GA analysis was performed on Siemens ADVIA 2400 automatic biochemical analyzer, using the bromocresol purple method with the Lucica GA-L glycated albumin kit, Asahi Kasei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Japan; the reference range, 11–16%). (3) ALB determination was performed with Lucica GA-ALB glycated albumin kit from the GA testing system. (4) Hb was analyzed on the XE-2100 automatic blood cell analyzer, using the RF/DC detection method. (5) GSP was analyzed on the Siemens ADVIA 2400 automatic biochemical analyzer, using the colorimetric method.
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4

Fasting Biomarkers and Glucose Tolerance

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Participants reported to the clinic at 07.00 h after a 10–12‐h overnight fast. Fasting blood samples were collected for measurement of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Blood lipids were measured using the enzyme method (ADVIA® 2400; Siemens, Berlin, Germany). HbA1c was measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography (VARIANT™ II; Bio‐Rad, Hercules, CA, USA), and presented consistent with the recommendations of the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program. Inter‐assay and intra‐assay variations were ≤5%.
Oral glucose tolerance test was carried out with a 75‐g glucose load, and blood samples were collected from an antecubital vein through a small polyethylene catheter at baseline, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min for measurements of glucose, insulin and C‐peptide. Plasma glucose was measured using the glucose oxidation method (ADVIA® 2400; Siemens), insulin and C‐peptide concentrations were measured using the chemiluminescence method (Cobas e411 analyzer; Roche, Basel, Switzerland).
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5

Comprehensive Blood Lipid and Immune Panel

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Whole blood was collected from the forearm vein. Blood lipids were test in Enzymatic method (siemens ADVIA 2400), including low-density lipoprotein (LDL), HDL, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC). The lipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), lipoprotein B (ApoB), and lipoprotein E (ApoE) were test in Immunoturbidimetry method (siemens ADVIA 2400). Immune indicators included serum levels of cytokines (interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)) (flow cytometry, siemens BD FACSCalibur), immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG and IgM) (nephelometry, siemens BNII), cellular immune index (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, CD16 + 56 + ) (flow cytometry, siemens BD FACSCalibur), complement (C3, C4) (nephelometry, siemens BNII) and number of blood immune cells (neutrophils (Neu), eosinophils (EOS), basophils (BASO), lymphocytes (LYM), monocytes (Mono)) (Resistance method, fluorescent staining method and light scattering method, Hysenmecon XN-10).
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6

Serum Oxidative Stress Analysis

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Serum samples were thawed on the day of the experiment, and TAS/TOS levels were measured and OSI (oxidative stress index) parameters were calculated according to the procedure below. Serum TAS (Unit: μmol Trolox Eq/L) level analysis was analyzed colorimetrically in a Siemens Advia 2400 brand automatic analyzer at 660 nm using commercial kits (Rel Assay Diagnostics brand, TEST KIT Catalog no. RL0017 LOT.: RL024) suitable for rats. Serum TOS (Unit: μmol H2O2 Eq/L) level analysis was analyzed colorimetrically in a Siemens Advia 2400 brand automatic analyzer at 530 nm using commercial kits (Rel Assay Diagnostics brand, ASSAY KIT Catalog no. RL0024 LOT: RL026) suitable for rats. The TOS values of the samples were proportioned to the TAS values in percent and the OSI values were calculated [OSI (arbitrary unit, AU) = (TOS, μmol H2O2 Eq/L)/(TAS, μmol Trolox Eq/L)].
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7

Biomarkers of Cholesterol, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation

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Plasma total cholesterol concentration was measured by the CHOD-PAP method using commercial kits (Kovalente, São Gonçalo, Brazil), and the results were analyzed with an automated system (Dimension® RxL Max® Integrated Chemistry System, Siemens, Deerfield, IL, USA). HDL-C and triglyceride concentrations were determined using commercial kits and an automated analysis system (ADVIA® 2400, Siemens, Deerfield, IL, USA). LDL-C was estimated by the Friedewald formula [17 (link)]. Plasma glucose concentration and glycated hemoglobin percentage were measured by commercial kits and an automated analysis system (ADVIA® 2400, Siemens, Deerfield, IL, USA).
Serum concentration of oxLDL was evaluated by ELISA, using the Indirect Enzyme Immunoassay kit (USCN® Life Science Inc., Wuhan, China), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by a colorimetric commercial kit (Cayman Chemical Corporation, Ann Arbor, MI, USA), total lipid peroxide content (LOOH) using the QuantiChrom™ Peroxide Assay Kit, a colorimetric commercial kit (BioAssay Systems, Hayward, CA, USA), and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) using Millipore® Multiplex Assays Using Luminex® (EMD Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA). All analyses were performed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
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8

Comprehensive Metabolic Profiling in Blood

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Fasting morning blood was drawn and stored at −80 °C. We assessed glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, phosphorus, and total alkaline phosphatase (AP) using an autoanalyzer (ADVIA 2400, Siemens; inter-assay CVs were 1.4, 1, 3.7, 1.2, 2, 3.7, 1.5, 1.5, and 3 %, respectively). Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) was determined using a chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) by autoanalyzer (IMMULITE 2000, Siemens; inter-assay CV was 6.9 %). Vitamin D [25(OH)D3] and the parathyroid hormone (PTH) were determined by CLIA using an immunoassay analyser (CP ADVIA Centaur, Siemens; inter-assay CVs were 20 and 4.3 %, respectively). Carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) and procollagen I N-terminal peptide (P1NP) were analyzed by an electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) using an autoanalyzer (ADVIA 2400, Siemens; inter-assay CVs were 2.9, 3.3 %, respectively). In all cases, the intra-assay CV was < 5 %.
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9

Fasting Blood Biomarker Measurement

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After fasting for at least 8 hours, blood samples were collected from the anterior cubital vein in the morning. Fasting blood glucose levels were determined by a hexokinase method (Siemens ADVIA 2400). Enzymatic methods were used to measure creatinine, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL; Siemens ADVIA 2400). The eGFR was estimated by using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD)-4 equation: eGFR = 186 × serum creatinine−1.154 × age−0.203 × 0.742 (in women) × 1.212.24 (link)
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10

Serum Biomarker Measurement Protocol

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Serum urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), and alanine aminotransferase (AST) were determined by using Siemens-ADVIA 2400 (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.
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