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Noradrenaline

Manufactured by Merck Group
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Noradrenaline is a lab equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in the body's stress response system. Noradrenaline is used in various research and laboratory applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

Acetylcholine, by Merck Group (14 mentions) Dopamine, by Merck Group (12 mentions) Adrenaline, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Isoprenaline, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (5 mentions) Yohimbine, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Nifedipine, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Phenylephrine, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Carbachol, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Indomethacin, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Sodium nitroprusside, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Penicillin streptomycin, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Propranolol, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions) Dopamine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (3 mentions) U46619, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Forskolin, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Serotonin, by Merck Group (3 mentions) L name, by Merck Group (3 mentions) L glutamine, by Merck Group (3 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

Noradrenaline hydrochloride (10 citations) Noradrenaline bitartrate (9 citations) L-(-)-noradrenaline (6 citations) Noradrenaline (NA) (4 citations) (DL-noradrenaline hydrochloride, (3 citations)

82 protocols using noradrenaline

1

Noradrenaline and Phenylephrine Dose-Response Curves

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Noradrenaline (10-10 M to 10-4 M; Sigma-Aldrich) or
phenylephrine (10-10 M to 10-4 M; Sigma-Aldrich) were
cumulatively added into the organ bath, and the evoked responses (g) were plotted to
obtain a concentration-response curve. When appropriate, the Noradrenaline responses
were also determined in preparations pretreated for 30 min with 10-4M
L-NAME (Sigma-Aldrich) or 10-5M indomethacin (Sigma-Aldrich) -
non-selective inhibitors of NOS and cyclooxygenase (COX), respectively. In another
series of experiments, Noradrenaline responses were determined in rings pretreated
for 30 min with 10-6 M yohimbine (Sigma-Aldrich), and
α2-adrenoceptor antagonist. The inhibitors and the antagonist
were added during the last 30 min stabilization period and remained in contact with
preparations until the end of the experiment.
Non-linear regression (variable slope) of the obtained concentration-effect curves
revealed the Rmax (maximal response; highest point of each
concentration-response curve) and the EC50 (negative logarithm of the
concentration that evoked 50% of the maximal response). The EC50 is
indicative of sensitivity to the drug studied.
Baptista R.D., Taipeiro E.D., Queiroz R.H., Chies A.B, & Cordellini S. (2014). Stress Alone or associated with Ethanol Induces Prostanoid Release in Rat Aorta via α2-Adrenoceptor. Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia, 102(3), 211-218.
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2

Hormones and NETosis Post-Stroke

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Transmitters of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and cortisol as an effector of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis have been shown to induce immune alterations post-stroke. To determine their in vitro effects on NETosis and oxidative burst, whole blood from healthy donors was pre-incubated for 4 h (for NETosis at room temperature; for oxidative burst at 37 °C) in 5% CO2 (for NETosis, 0.04% CO2) in the presence of either adrenaline (1 × 10−7 mol/l; 1 × 10−5 mol/l), noradrenaline (1 × 10−7 mol/l; 1 × 10−5 mol/l), acetylcholine (5.5 × 10−6 mol/l; 5.5 × 10−4 mol/l) (adrenaline, noradrenaline, acetylcholine from Sigma, Deisenhofen, Germany) or dexamethasone (2.5 × 10−7 mol/l; 2.5 × 10−6 mol/l) (MerckPharmaGmbH, Darmstadt) followed by neutrophil isolation and induction of NETosis or oxidative burst. In addition, we quantified intracellular and extracellular MPO and NE by flow cytometry and ELISA after 24 h of hormone or acetylcholine exposure. RPMI (supplemented with 2% glutamine, 2% penicillin/streptomycin, 10% AB-Sera, 1% HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid) without hormones or acetylcholine served as controls. Hormone concentration was chosen to span the range that is found in patients’ post-stroke.
Vogelgesang A., Lange C., Blümke L., Laage G., Rümpel S., Langner S., Bröker B.M., Dressel A, & Ruhnau J. (2017). Ischaemic stroke and the recanalization drug tissue plasminogen activator interfere with antibacterial phagocyte function. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 14, 140.
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3

Vascular Reactivity Assessment: Aortic and Mesenteric Rings

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Thoracic aortic rings isolated from each rat were suspended in individual 25 mL organ baths filled with Tyrode's buffer at 37°C aerated with 95%O2–5%CO2. Mesenteric arteries dissected from the intestine vasculature were threaded with 40 µm stainless steel wire while bathed in Tyrode's solution, then transferred to 10 mL myograph chambers containing Tyrode's buffer at 37°C aerated with 95%O2–5%CO2. Aortic and mesenteric rings were allowed to equilibrate for 30 min at a resting tension of ~10 m⋅N. After equilibration, mesenteric arteries were normalized using an automated normalization function,54 were contracted with 10 mmol/L potassium chloride, and were relaxed with 0.01 mmol/L acetylcholine. Cumulative concentration-contraction curves were measured for noradrenaline (Sigma-Aldrich, Castle Hill, Australia) on both aortic and mesenteric vessels. Cumulative concentration-relaxation curves were measured for acetylcholine (Sigma-Aldrich) and sodium nitroprusside (Sigma-Aldrich) following submaximal (70%) contraction to noradrenaline.50
Batacan RB J.r., Duncan M.J., Dalbo V.J., Buitrago G.L, & Fenning A.S. (2016). Effect of different intensities of physical activity on cardiometabolic markers and vascular and cardiac function in adult rats fed with a high-fat high-carbohydrate diet. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 7(1), 109-119.
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4

Astaxanthin and Antidepressant Effects

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Trans-astaxanthin, imipramine hydrochloride, p-chlorophenylalanine HCl (PCPA, an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis), apomorphine hydrochloride, kynuramine dihydrobromide, 4-hydroxyquinoline, clorgyline, deprenyl, 5-hydroxytryptamine, noradrenaline, dopamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (USA). Moclobemide hydrochloride and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose were provided by Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology (China). For oral administration (via gavage, i.g.), Trans-astaxanthin was dissolved in 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and moclobemide was dissolved in redistilled water. For intraperitoneal injection, imipramine and fluoxetine were dissolved in redistilled water. In acute experiments, the behavioral and neurochemical tests were conducted 1 h after Trans-astaxanthin (20, 40, 80 mg/kg, i.g.) treatment [37 (link)]. The effects of positive antidepressants such as moclobemide (20 mg/kg, i.g.), imipramine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) were tested 1 h (meclobemide) and 30 min (imipramine and fluoxetine) respectively, after administration of the drugs as previously described [20 (link), 38 ].
Jiang X., Zhu K., Xu Q., Wang G., Zhang J., Cao R., Ye J, & Yu X. (2017). The antidepressant-like effect of trans-astaxanthin involves the serotonergic system. Oncotarget, 8(15), 25552-25563.
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5

Neurochemical Reagent Acquisition Protocol

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Adrenaline, acetylcholine, norAdrenaline, dopamine, adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), H-[1,2,4]Oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), 3-iodo-tyrosine, salsolinol and SCH-23390 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). Risperidone, quetiapine and haloperidol were acquired from Nallin Farmácia e Manipulação Ltda (Itatiba-SP, Brazil). dopamine-d3 hydrochloride, DL-norAdrenaline-d6 hydrochloride and Adrenaline-d6 hydrochloride were acquired from CDN Isotopes (Point Claire, Canada). Aluminium oxide was purchased from Dinamica Quimica Contemporanea Ltda (Indaiatuba-SP, Brazil). Sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), potassium phosphate monobasic (KH2PO4), and glucose were bought from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Acetonitrile was obtained from J.T Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA) and formic acid (HPLC grade) was purchased from Mallinckrodt (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Britto-Júnior J., Fernandes Jacintho F., Campos R., Pinheiro D.H., Figueiredo Murari G.M., de Souza V.B., Schenka A.A., Mónica F.Z., Moreno R.A., Antunes E, & De Nucci G. (2021). The basal release of endothelium-derived catecholamines regulates the contractions of Chelonoidis carbonaria aorta caused by electrical-field stimulation. Biology Open, 10(1), bio057042.
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6

Pharmacological Modulation of Neuronal Activity

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The following drugs were dissolved in recording ACSF before being bath‐applied: noradrenaline (10 μM, Sigma‐Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA), yohimbine (10 μM, Sigma‐Aldrich), CNQX (10 μM, Sigma‐Aldrich), dl‐AP5 (40 μM, Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, UK), picrotoxin (50 μM, Sigma‐Aldrich), tetrodotoxin (TTX, 1 μM, Alomone Labs, Jerusalem, Israel), CdCl2 (100 μM, Sigma‐Aldrich), nifedipine (100 μM, Sigma‐Aldrich). Prazosin (10 μM, Sigma‐Aldrich) was puff‐applied onto the brain slice directly due to issues with its sticking in the perfusion lines.
Gouws J.M., Sherrington A., Zheng S., Kim J.S, & Iremonger K.J. (2022). Regulation of corticotropin‐releasing hormone neuronal network activity by noradrenergic stress signals. The Journal of Physiology, 600(19), 4347-4359.
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7

Copper Nanoparticles and Pharmacological Agents

Cited 1 time
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Acetylcholine (chloride), noradrenaline (hydrochloride), 1400W (N-(3-(Aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine), NS-398 (N-[2-(Cyclohexyloxy)-4-nitrophenyl]methanesulfonamide), and SC-560 (5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-trifluoromethyl pyrazole) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louise, MO, USA). Copper as carbonate (purity ≥ 99%) was obtained from Poch (Gliwice, Poland). Stock solutions (10 mM) of these drugs were prepared in distilled water, except for noradrenaline, which was dissolved in NaCl + ascorbic acid (0.9% + 0.01% w/v) solution; NS-398 and SC-560 were dissolved in DMSO; and 1400W in methanol. The solvent concentration was less than 0.01% (v/v). These solutions were stored at −20 °C, and appropriate dilutions were made in Krebs–Henseleit solution (KH in mM: NaCl 115; CaCl2 2.5; KCl 4.6; KH2PO4 1.2; MgSO4 1.2; NaHCO3 25; glucose 11.1) on the day of the experiment.
CuNPs (as 99.9% purity powder, of 40–60 nm size, 12 m2/g SSA, spherical morphology, 0.19 g/cm3 bulk density, 8.9 g/cm3 true density) were purchased from Sky Spring Nanomaterials (Sky Spring Nanomaterials Inc., Houston, TX, USA). The zeta potential and the size were previously measured [13 (link)].
Majewski M., Gromadziński L., Cholewińska E., Ognik K., Fotschki B, & Juśkiewicz J. (2023). The Interaction of Dietary Pectin, Inulin, and Psyllium with Copper Nanoparticle Induced Changes to the Cardiovascular System. Nutrients, 15(16), 3557.
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8

Noradrenaline Treatment of THP-1 Monocytes

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THP-1 human monocyte cells (<6 passages) were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). Cells were cultured at 37 °C, 5% CO2 in a humidified chamber. THP-1 cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) [high glucose; Gibco, Gaithersburg, MD, USA] + 5% foetal calf serum (FCS) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. For noradrenaline treatments, cells were washed and changed to starvation media (High glucose DMEM + 1.0% FCS). Cells were treated with 0, 0.1, or 1.0 μM noradrenaline (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) for 48 h.
Herat L., Rudnicka C., Okada Y., Mochizuki S., Schlaich M, & Matthews V. (2017). The Metalloproteinase ADAM28 Promotes Metabolic Dysfunction in Mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(4), 884.
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9

Prostate Contractility Assessment Protocol

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Prostate strips (6 mm×3 mm×3 mm) were mounted in 10 mL aerated (95% O2 and 5% CO2) tissue baths (Föhr Medical Instruments, Seeheim, Germany), containing Krebs-Henseleit solution (37°C, pH 7.4). Preparations were stretched to 0.5 g and left to equilibrate for 45 minutes. In the initial phase of the equilibration period, spontaneous decreases in tone are usually observed. Therefore, tension was adjusted three times during the equilibration period, until a stable resting tone (0.5 g) was attained. After the equilibration period, maximum contraction induced by 80mM KCl (Krebs-Henseleit solution where NaCl was exchanged by KCl) was assessed. Subsequently, chambers were washed three times with Krebs-Henseleit solution for a total of 30 minutes. Cumulative concentraction response curves for noradrenaline or phenylephrine (both from Sigma-Aldrich, Munich, Germany) were created after addition of 100μM honokiol, 100μM magnolol (both from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA), or an equivalent volume of solvent (dimethylsulfoxide, DMSO). Fequency response curves induced by electric field stimulation (EFS) were created before and after addition of inhibitors or solvent (DMSO for honokiol, water for tamsulosin, and DMSO for the combination of both). Inibitors or DMSO were applied 45 minutes before concentration or frequency response curves.
Herrmann D., Schreiber A., Ciotkowska A., Strittmatter F., Waidelich R., Stief C.G., Gratzke C, & Hennenberg M. (2014). Honokiol, a constituent of Magnolia species, inhibits adrenergic contraction of human prostate strips and induces stromal cell death. Prostate International, 2(3), 140-146.
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10

Biochemical Analysis of Neurotransmitter Levels

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Chloroform, ethanol, formalin, orthophosphoric acid, 2-propanol, phosphate buffer—tween (Lot. N0. 00352, Part Number: 00501, Agdia, United States), dopamine hydrochloride (Lot No. BCBS3110V, Sigma Aldrich, Germany), nor-adrenaline (Alfa Aesar, Lot No. 1017520), fluoxetine (gift from Ferozson Laboratories, Nowshera, Pakistan), ACTH enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kit (Catalog No E026Mo, Bioassay Technology Laboratory, Shanghai, China) and cortisol ELISA kit (Catalog No. MBS269130, MyBioSource, Inc., San Diego, United States), TRIzol™ reagent (Catalog Number 15596018, Invitrogen ™, ThermoFisher Scientific, United States), Onescript cDNA synthesis kit (Catalog No. G236, Applied Biological Materials), and Maxima SYBER® Green/ROX qPCR Master Mix (Lot No. 00737730 and 00720013, Thermoscientific, Lithuania) were used.
Rehman M.U., Ghazanfar S., Ul Haq R., Ullah S., Khan S., Wu J., Ahmad W, & Tipu M.K. (2022). Probiotics (Bacillus clausii and Lactobacillus fermentum NMCC-14) Ameliorate Stress Behavior in Mice by Increasing Monoamine Levels and mRNA Expression of Dopamine Receptors (D1 and D2) and Synaptophysin. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 915595.
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