A linear motor (LinMot E1100) was used to apply a periodic contact-separation working cycle. The speed was set to be 0.1 m/s. The open-circuit voltage, short-circuit charge, and short-circuit current of the fibers were measured by a Keithley 6517B electrometer, and a Stanford 570 current preamplifier. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were taken by JEOL field emission SEM (7600 F). The obtained cross-section optical micrographs were taken by Olympus BX51. DMA test was carried out by TA Q800. Uniaxial tensile test was examined by MTS Criterion Model 42.
Ta q800
Manufactured by TA Instruments
Sourced in United States
The TA Q800 is a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) that measures the viscoelastic properties of a wide range of materials. It can characterize the mechanical behavior of solid and semi-solid samples under various temperature, frequency, and stress conditions.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ta q200, by TA Instruments (2 mentions)
Am 400, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Dsc 204 f1, by Netzsch (1 mentions)
Tga 4000, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Jsm 6701f, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Autopore 4 9520, by Micromeritics (1 mentions)
Ta q2000, by TA Instruments (1 mentions)
Ar g2 rheometer, by TA Instruments (1 mentions)
Dsc 7 calorimeter, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Mechanical tester, by Instron (1 mentions)
Nanoscope 4, by Veeco (1 mentions)
Nicolet nexus 870, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Tga sdta 851, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions)
Sdt q600, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions)
Su8010, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Ht7800, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
34 protocols using ta q800
1
Characterizing Piezoelectric Fiber Properties
2
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of PE/ZnO/Wood Composites
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The dynamic mechanical properties of the PE/ZnO/wood-fiber composites were determined using a dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer (DMTA, TA Q800, TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA) in a three-point bending system; the samples dimensions were 50 × 10 × 4 mm. The samples were measured in an air atmosphere at a fixed frequency mode of 5.0 Hz, and oscillation amplitude of 15 μm. The samples were evaluated in the temperature range of −20 to –200 °C with a heating rate of 2°/min.
3
Microstructure Analysis of Shape Memory Polymer Composites
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A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to check the microstructures and CNT dispersion quality in the SMPs matrix. The glass transition temperature was investigated by a dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA, TA Q800), with temperature scanning from ~25 to ~140 °C. The heating rate and frequency were set at ~5 °C/min and ~5 Hz, respectively. The dimension of the samples were ~38 mm × 5 mm × 2 mm. The thermal stability was tested by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) from ~50 to ~800 °C with a heating rate of ~10 °C/min in Ar. The SMPs electrical triggering behaviors were tested using a sample with a dimension of ~ . The sample was first heated to ~120 °C at a heating rate of ~10 °C/min from room temperature, and kept at ~120 °C for ~10 mins to ensure uniform temperature distribution. Then the sample was bent around a small cylinder with a diameter of ~20 mm, by an angle of ~90°, followed by cooling to room temperature. The obtained programmed sample was connected to a power source using silver paint to establish electrical contact with the sample surface. Both the temperature distribution and recovery process were monitored by an infrared thermal camera. The restored ratio was defined as: , where is the initial curvature angle of the sample and is the angle of the bent sample at time i.
4
Heat Deflection Temperature of Injection Molded Samples
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Heat
deflection temperature (HDT) of injection molded samples was examined
using a dynamic mechanical analyzer (TA Q800, USA) with a three-point
bending attachment and worked from 30 to 250 °C at 2 °C/min
under 0.455 MPa load. The deflection of 250 μm as mentioned
in the ASTM D 648 standard was monitored. Each sample was repeated
three times, and the values are presented in terms of average ±
standard deviation.
deflection temperature (HDT) of injection molded samples was examined
using a dynamic mechanical analyzer (TA Q800, USA) with a three-point
bending attachment and worked from 30 to 250 °C at 2 °C/min
under 0.455 MPa load. The deflection of 250 μm as mentioned
in the ASTM D 648 standard was monitored. Each sample was repeated
three times, and the values are presented in terms of average ±
standard deviation.
5
Viscoelastic Characterization of PLA/PBS/WF Biocomposites
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Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was performed using a TA Q800 dynamic mechanical analyzer (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA) to investigate the viscoelastic properties of the PLA/PBS/WF biocomposites. A rectangular specimen was 35 × 12 × 3 mm in size. All specimens were measured using a dual cantilever method at a frequency of 1 Hz and a strain rate of 0.1%. All specimens were heated from −60 to 110 °C at a heating rate of 5 °C/min.
6
Characterization of Advanced Polymer Materials
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FTIR spectra were recorded on an Avatar 380 spectrometer. NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AM-400 in DMSO-d6. The molecular weight was determined via gel permeation chromatography (GPC) on a Malvern GPC system consisting of GPC Max with a Dual 270 triple detector array, and DMF (HPLC grade) was used as the eluent at a flow rate of 0.7 mL min−1 at 40°C. DSC experiments were carried out on Netzsch DSC204F1 from −50°C to 150°C at a heating rate of 10°C min−1 in nitrogen atmosphere. TGA were carried out on a Q5000IR instruments from ambient temperature to 500°C at a heating rate of 10°C min−1 in a nitrogen atmosphere. Tensile tests were conducted on an MTS insight mechanical analyzer (more details can be found in the Supplementary data ). The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was carried out with the frequency sweeping from 1 Hz to 100 Hz at 25°C on a TA-Q800. The rheological properties were measured by ARES-RFS rheometer (more details can be found in the Supplementary data ). The calculation of crosslinking density and insoluble fraction are described in Supplementary data . The resistance change was measured with a Keithley DMM7510 system electrometer. The self-healing, reprocessing, functionalization, degradation and biocompatibility testing can be found in the Supplementary data .
7
Characterization of Polymer Separator Films
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Structural identification, thermal properties, and porosity have been detailed in previous reports [26 (link)]. The surface morphology of the fibers was observed using field emission electron microscopy (SEM, JSM-6701F, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA, TGA 4000, Perkin Elmer, Washington, MA, USA) was used to detect the thermal degradation temperature of the polymer, which was raised from room temperature to 800 °C at 10 °C min−1 under a nitrogen atmosphere. A dynamic mechanical analysis instrument (DMA, TA Q 800, TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA) was operated at 1 Hz from 100 °C to 450 °C at 5 °C min−1 in a nitrogen atmosphere. A mercury porosimeter was used to measure the film’s porosity and pore size distribution (AutoPore® IV 9520, Micromeritics, Norcross, GA, USA). A universal tensile machine (Al-7000-S, Gotech testing machines, Inc., Taichung, Taiwan) was used to measure the mechanical properties, and the test plates were cut into 150 mm × 5 mm and tested at a tensile rate of 12.5 mm min−1. The electrolyte absorptivity was measured by immersing the film in the LIB electrolyte for 30 min and calculated according to Equation (1) [27 (link)]:
where W0 is the dry separator and W1 is the soaked one.
where W0 is the dry separator and W1 is the soaked one.
8
Characterization of Polyimide Film Properties
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FT-IR measurements were performed on a Nexus 670, made by Nicolet Instruments (Madison, WI, USA), with the scanning wavenumbers ranging from 4000 to 400 cm−1 to characterize whether the PI was successfully prepared.
Dynamic mechanical thermal analyses (DMA) of films were measured with a TA-Q800, made by TA Instruments, to evaluate the storage modulus and the tan delta of PI films. The glass transition temperature Tg can be also measures by the inflection point of the storage modulus or the maximum peak of the tan delta. These values are important to fix the process temperature in the shape memory step. DMA tests were performed in the temperature range between 50 and 350 °C, under nitrogen flux and with a heating rate of 5 °C/min. The sample of PI film was cut into long splines with a length of 30 mm and a width of 5.27 mm.
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed under nitrogen atmosphere on a Setline Sta instrument made by Setaram company. The TGA test was performed with a heating rate of 10 °C/min from 30 °C to 800 °C.
The mechanical properties of PI films were tested at room temperature on a SANS CMT 4104 tensile apparatus made by MTS company with dumbbell-shaped specimens and with a crosshead speed of 10 mm/min in accordance with GB/T1040.3-2006 [24 (link)].
Dynamic mechanical thermal analyses (DMA) of films were measured with a TA-Q800, made by TA Instruments, to evaluate the storage modulus and the tan delta of PI films. The glass transition temperature Tg can be also measures by the inflection point of the storage modulus or the maximum peak of the tan delta. These values are important to fix the process temperature in the shape memory step. DMA tests were performed in the temperature range between 50 and 350 °C, under nitrogen flux and with a heating rate of 5 °C/min. The sample of PI film was cut into long splines with a length of 30 mm and a width of 5.27 mm.
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed under nitrogen atmosphere on a Setline Sta instrument made by Setaram company. The TGA test was performed with a heating rate of 10 °C/min from 30 °C to 800 °C.
The mechanical properties of PI films were tested at room temperature on a SANS CMT 4104 tensile apparatus made by MTS company with dumbbell-shaped specimens and with a crosshead speed of 10 mm/min in accordance with GB/T1040.3-2006 [24 (link)].
9
Characterization of Shape-Memory Properties
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The shape-memory property was characterized by a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA, type: TA Q800). The maximal force was 18 N and the resolution was 0.1 mN. Using stretching mode, the strain and stress could be auto detected. In addition, the temperature could be controlled by a temperature sensor. In order to avoid sliding, the sample was clamped tightly. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements were conducted using a TA Q2000 machine under N2 at a temperature ramping rate of 5 °C/min. Mechanical tests were performed using a Zwick/Roell tensile machine at a stretching speed of 10 mm/min and the sample geometry was 25 mm × 5 mm × 0.3 mm. The applied force sensor was 1.5 kN, and it utilized physical clamps.
10
Thermal and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of PLLA Blends
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The thermal behaviors of the PLLA and its blends were assessed with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC1, Mettler Toledo, Switzerland). Hermetically sealed aluminum pans containing approximately 5 mg of the blend materials were used to place the samples in all the experiments. The samples were heated/cooled at a rate of 10 °C/min in the range from 25 to 250 °C. All samples were kept isothermal for 5 min to remove thermal history. The glass transition temperature (Tg), cold crystallization temperature (Tc), enthalpy of cold crystallization (ΔHc) and apparent melting enthalpy (ΔHf) were determined from the DSC curves.
The crystallinity of the PLLA phase was calculated by the following formula:
where is the enthalpy of melting per gram of 100% crystallinity (perfect crystal) of PLA 93.7 J g−1) [40 (link)], and Wf is the weight fraction of PBS in the PLA/PBS binary blends.
The dynamic mechanical properties of PLA/PBS binary and PLA/PBS/PDLA ternary blends were studied by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) (TA Instruments, TA Q800, New Castle, DE, USA). The sheets used for DMA analysis were cut into a dimension of 6 × 40 × 0.5 mm3 and vibrated in tension mode at a frequency of 1 Hz. All the DMA tests were carried out from room temperature to 120 °C using a 2 °C/min temperature ramp.
The crystallinity of the PLLA phase was calculated by the following formula:
where is the enthalpy of melting per gram of 100% crystallinity (perfect crystal) of PLA 93.7 J g−1) [40 (link)], and Wf is the weight fraction of PBS in the PLA/PBS binary blends.
The dynamic mechanical properties of PLA/PBS binary and PLA/PBS/PDLA ternary blends were studied by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) (TA Instruments, TA Q800, New Castle, DE, USA). The sheets used for DMA analysis were cut into a dimension of 6 × 40 × 0.5 mm3 and vibrated in tension mode at a frequency of 1 Hz. All the DMA tests were carried out from room temperature to 120 °C using a 2 °C/min temperature ramp.
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