P tak1

LPS purified from Escherichia coli O111:B4, TNBS, t-BHP, collagenase type VIII, RPMI 1640 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.). Antibodies for COX-2, ERK, p-ERK, IκBα, p- IκBα, IRAK1, p-IRAK1, iNOS, p65, p-p65, TAK1 and p-TAK1 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, U.S.A.). Radioimmuno-precipitation assay (RIPA) buffer, tetramethyl benzidine was purchased from Sigma (St Louis, MO, U.S.A.). ELISA kits for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A.). mRNA isolation kit was purchased from Qiagen (Hilden, Germany). A diazo-coupled limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay kit was purchased from Cape Cod Inc. (E. Falmouth, MA, USA). Pan T Cell Isolation Kit II was purchased from MiltenyiBiotec GmbH (Bergisch Gladbach, Germany). Anti-CD28, anti-CD3, recombinant IL-6, and recombinant TGF-β were purchased from BioGems International Inc. (Westlake Village, CA, U.S.A.). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and heat-inactivated fetal calf serum (FCS) purchased from Panbiotech GmbH (Aidenbach, Germany). de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) medium for probiotics was purchased from BD (Sparks, MD, USA). General anaerobic medium (GAM) for probiotics and other bacteria were purchased from Nissui Pharmaceutical Co (Tokyo, Japan). Other chemicals used were of the highest grade available.