The preparation of nanoemulsions with a bifenthrin concentration of 8 wt% was achieved by the PIC method.23 (link) The low-energy method was performed by the stepwise addition of water to the mixture of oil (biodiesel) and the mixed surfactants (NP-6 and ABSCa) at 25 °C. Firstly, bifenthrin (8 wt%) was fully dissolved in a certain amount of biodiesel, and then the drug-loaded biodiesel was blended with the mixed surfactants to form the mixture as the oil phase. The bifenthrin nanoemulsions were formed by adding the water to the oil phase, with magnetic stirring. The interactions between bifenthrin and bifenthrin nanoemulsions were respectively characterized by FT-IR and UV-vis spectroscopy. FT-IR measurements were performed on a Tensor 27 Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Bruker, Germany). UV-vis spectroscopic experiments were implemented by dissolving the composite materials in 0.1 mol L−1 pH 7.0 PBS, and using a Cary 50 probe spectrophotometer (Varian, Australia).
Cary 50 probe spectrophotometer
Manufactured by Agilent Technologies
Sourced in Australia
The Cary 50 probe spectrophotometer is a compact and versatile UV-Vis spectrophotometer designed for a wide range of applications. It features a robust and ergonomic design, providing reliable and accurate measurements across a broad wavelength range.
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3 protocols using cary 50 probe spectrophotometer
1
Bifenthrin Nanoemulsion Synthesis and Characterization
2
Flumequine Adsorption and Mineralization Monitoring
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A Varian Cary 50 probe spectrophotometer (Varian, The Netherlands) was used to measure the absorbance of flumequine in the effluent. The spectrophotometer produces a wavelength range of 190 and 1100 nm, and the peak of flumequine adsorption is 246 nm. For sample preparation, 3 mL of effluent was taken and filtered at 0.45 µm. The filtered solution was put in a 10 mm Hellma quartz tank. TOC meter TOC-V Series TOC analyzers from Shimadzu (Tokyo, Japan) were used in order to measure the mineralization rate. An amount equal to 40 mL of solution was taken at every hour of degradation as samples to be analyzed. Then, the solution was filtered by a 0.45 µm filter.
3
Spectroscopic Characterization of Cu2+ Solutions
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The absorption spectra of Cu2+ containing solutions were recorded on a Varian Cary50 Probe spectrophotometer, in the range 350–900 nm, using a quartz cuvette with an optical path of 1 cm. To describe the species present in solution, the observed wavelength of maximum absorption at a given pH was compared with the expected λmax value obtained from literature23 (link),48 (link)–50 (link). Circular dichroism (CD) spectra were recorded on a Jasco J-1500 spectropolarimeter in the 180–800 nm range, using a quartz cuvette with an optical path of 1 cm in the visible and near-UV range, and 0.01 cm in the 180–250 nm range. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra were recorded in liquid nitrogen on a Bruker ELEXSYS E500 CW-EPR spectrometer at X-band frequency (9.5 GHz) and equipped with an ER 036TM NMR teslameter and an E41 FC frequency counter. Ethylene glycol (30%) was used as a cryoprotectant. The EPR parameters were analyzed by computer simulation of the experimental spectra using WIN-EPR SIMFONIA software, version 1.2 (Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA).
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