Phillips iu22

Ultrasound examination was conducted by sonographers at PUMCH. The ultrasound features of suspicious cervical lymph nodes and thyroid nodules, that is, echo density, longitudinal and transverse diameters, calcification, internal cysts, boundary, and color‐flow doppler imaging (CDFI) for blood flow detection, were taken using Phillips IU22 (Philips Healthcare, Eindhoven, Netherlands) and GELogiq9 (GE Healthcare) scanners. As the determination of irregular shape and loss of the lymph node hilar structure or cortical‐medullary border depend on the subjective evaluation from the sonographer, they were not included in the analysis. The normal value of serological calcitonin at our hospital is below 10 pg/mL (detectable range: 1.5–1535 pg/mL). For CEA, the normal value is below 5 ng/mL. The characteristic features of the tumors and suspicious lymph nodes are illustrated in Figure 1.

Preprocedural duplex ultrasound was performed in all patients. Vessel patency, tortuosity, and the internal diameters were examined with a standard ultrasound device (Phillips IU-22, Philips N.V., Netherlands) using a linear probe L3-9. The images were obtained by dedicated vascular ultrasonographists, who were blinded to the study.
Radial artery catheterization was performed according to the Seldinger technique as previously described [12 (link), 16 (link)]. Local anesthesia was performed by a subcutaneous injection of 2% lidocaine at the puncture site. After insertion of a transradial access sheath (Radifocus Introducer II, Terumo, Europe N.V.), 5,000 IU of unfractionated heparin (UFH) was injected for diagnostic coronary angiography, whereas 100 IU/kg UFH was used for PCI patients. Procedures were performed via 6Fr catheters. A spasmolytic cocktail was not routinely given in this study. Additional nitroglycerin was given by the discretion of the treating physician. In this study, radial artery hemostasis was achieved through compression of the radial artery using a pressure dressing with a roller placed directly in the puncture site [7 (link), 8 (link)].

In total, 537 ultrasound images from 221 patients in the Picture Archiving and Communication Systems acquired during 2015 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed (Table 1). The images came from a variety of machines, including Phillips IU22, IE33, or CX50 (Philips Healthcare, Eindhoven, the Netherlands); HITACHI Hi Vision Preirus or Ascendus (Hitachi Ltd, Tokyo, Japan); GE Logiq E9, S6, S8, E6, or E8 (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI); Siemens S1000/S2000 (Siemens Healthineers, Munich, Germany); and Toshiba Aplio 300 or Aplio 500 (Toshiba Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan). Histopathological examination, including aspiration biopsy and surgery pathology, was used as the reference standard. Images without artifacts were eligible for participation. Nodules larger than the region of interest (ROI), diffuse diseases, and cystic nodules were excluded. Multiple lesions without a separable nodule were excluded as well. Moreover, another set of 85 images from 38 patients were prepared for the initial validation of the CNN-based CAD systems. All images were stored as PNG data. In this study, 30 additional cases were enrolled prospectively to evaluate the value of the separate and combined CAD systems and the ultrasound guidelines. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University.