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5 protocols using calcium acetate monohydrate

1

Protein Conjugation and Fluorescent Labeling

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All chemicals were of analytical grade and were used as received without further purification. Calcium acetate monohydrate [(CH3COO)2Ca·H2O] and diammonium hydrogen phosphate [(NH4)2HPO4] were obtained from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Co. (Osaka, Japan). Cytochrome c from equine heart [Cyt c; isoelectric point (pI) = 10, molecular weight (Mw) = 12,300 Da], myoglobin from equine skeletal muscle (MGB; pI = 7.0, Mw = 17,800 Da), bovine serum albumin (BSA; pI = 4.7, Mw = 67,000 Da), lysozyme from chicken egg white (LSZ; pI = 11, Mw = 14,300 Da), conalbumin from chicken egg white (OVT; pI = 6.5, Mw = 76,000 Da), and transferrin human (TF; pI = 4.8, Mw = 80,000 Da) were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC; Mw = 191.7), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS; Mw = 115.1), and 5-aminofluorescein (Mw = 347.3) were obtained from Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co. (Tokyo, Japan). The Bio-Rad protein assay dye reagent concentrate was purchased from Bio-Rad Laboratories (Hercules, CA, USA).
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2

Preparation of PMMA-Based Biomaterial

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PMMA powder (MB-4C) was procured from Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Calcium acetate monohydrate, MMA and N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (NDT) were obtained from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Osaka, Japan). TBAEMA was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC, St. Louis, MO, USA). Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and the chemical for the preparation of SBF were products of Nacalai Tesque Inc. (Kyoto, Japan). MPS was purchased from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). The calcium acetate was priorly dried at 220 °C and BPO was recrystallized in ethanol. The other chemicals were of analytical grade and used without further purification.
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3

Enzymatic Glucose Biosensing Assay

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All chemicals were of analytical grade and used without further purification. ε-Polylysine (ε-pLys) with molecular weight (Mw) of 4000 was received from JNC CO., Tokyo, Japan. Poly(l-lysine hydrobromide) (α-pLys; Mw > 12 000) was purchased from Peptide Institute, Inc. (Osaka, Japan). Calcium acetate monohydrate [(CH3COO)2Ca·H2O], diammonium hydrogen phosphate [(NH4)2HPO4], Dulbecco's PBS (−), d(+)-glucose, ethanol, 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) and phenol crystals were obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). Glucose oxidase (GOX) from Aspergillus niger (isoelectric point (pI) = 4.2, Mw = 160 000 Da), graphene oxide, peroxidase from horseradish (POD, pI = 7.2, Mw = 40 200 Da), 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) and Rhodamine B isothiocyanate (Rhodamine B) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis., MO, USA). The Bio-Rad protein assay dye reagent concentrate was obtained from Bio-Rad Laboratories (Hercules, CA, USA).
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4

Biocompatible Calcium Phosphate Synthesis

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Calcium acetate monohydrate [(CH3COO)2Ca·H2O], diammonium hydrogen phosphate [(NH4)2HPO4], and phosphate buffered saline (PBS)(−) were obtained from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Co. (Osaka, Japan). αPLys [molecular weight (Mw) = 15,000–30,000 g/mol], αpArg (MW = 15,000–70,000 g/mol). FITC–BSA, BSA, RBC, and a LIVE/DEAD double staining kit were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). ε-PLys with a Mw of 4000 g/mol was gifted by JNC Co., (Tokyo, Japan). A calcium colorimetric assay kit was obtained from Metallogenics Co. (Chiba, Japan). Minimum essential alpha medium (α-MEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin–streptomycin solution (×100), trypsin/ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution, and rhodamine–phalloidin were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA). All reagents were of analytical grade and were used without further purification.
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5

Micro-Arc Oxidation of Titanium Substrates

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As reported in our previous work [10] [11] [12] , Ti substrates (BMAO) were fixed in a polytetrafluoroethylene holder, which was used as an anode, while a stainless steel cylindrical container served as the cathode.
The electrolytes used for the MAO procedure were composed of calcium acetate monohydrate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan), strontium acetate hemihydrate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries), and calcium glycerophosphate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) (see Table 1). Both electrodes were connected to a DC power supply (PL-650-0.1, Matsusada Precision), while the treatment was performed at a positive voltage of 420 V and constant current of 12 mA for 10 min. After the MAO treatment, all specimens were fully washed with distilled water and dried. All surface characterizations were performed for the MAO-treated areas.
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