Anhydrous tetrahydrofuran

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

Anhydrous tetrahydrofuran is a colorless, volatile, and flammable organic solvent. It is a cyclic ether with the chemical formula (CH2)4O. Anhydrous tetrahydrofuran is commonly used as a versatile solvent in various chemical reactions and applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (5 mentions) Acetone, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Triethylamine, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Anhydrous n n dimethylformamide, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Ethanol, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Anhydrous methanol, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (3 mentions) Sodium hydride, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), by Merck Group (3 mentions) Methanol, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (3 mentions) Oleic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Potassium hydroxide, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Oxalyl chloride, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Methacryloyl chloride, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Phthalic anhydride, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Sodium hydroxide solution, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Lithium pellets, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Tetrabutylammonium bromide, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Anhydrous hexane, by Merck Group (2 mentions)

Spelling variants of this product

Tetrahydrofuran (624 citations) Anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF) (18 citations)

44 protocols using anhydrous tetrahydrofuran

Synthesis and Characterization of Diynoic Acids

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10,12-Pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA), 10,12-tricosadiynoic
acid (TCDA), oxalyl chloride, anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl
sulfoxide, and PTFE filters (0.45 μm) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Triethylamine, acetone, and potassium hydroxide were purchased from
Merck. Dimethylformamide (DMF), anhydrous dichloromethane, and methanol
were purchased from Scharlab. 3-Aminobenzoic acid was purchased from
AlfaAesar, dichloromethane was purchased from ACS Reagent, hydrochloric
acid was purchased from Carlo Erba Reagents, and ethanol was purchased
from Isolab Chemicals. Poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) filters
(0.45 μm) were purchased from Whatman. All chemicals were used
as received, unless otherwise stated. Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ
cm) was used to prepare polymer solutions.

Beliktay G., Shaikh T., Koca E, & Cingil H.E. (2023). Effect of UV Irradiation Time and Headgroup Interactions on the Reversible Colorimetric pH Response of Polydiacetylene Assemblies. ACS Omega, 8(40), 37213-37224.

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Synthesis and Characterization of PEG-Modified Biomaterials

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The
following analytical-grade
chemicals were purchased from commercial sources and used without
further purification: glutamic acid, acetic anhydride, phthalic anhydride,
TTEGDA, PPS, PVP (M_w 40k and M_w 360k), sodium hydroxide (1 N), hydrochloric acid (1
N), anhydrous dichloromethane, anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF), anhydrous
methanol, anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), O-[(N-succinimidyl)succinyl-aminoethyl-O′-methylpolyethylene
glycol (PEG-NHS, M_w 750), methacryloyl
chloride, tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite, and glutamine from Sigma
(Rehovot, Israel); APMA from Polysciences, Inc. (Warrington, PA);
dialysis membrane (1000k—16 mm), sodium carbonate, and sodium
bicarbonate from Bio-Lab Ltd. (Jerusalem, Israel); cyanine7 N-hydroxysuccinimide (Cy7-NHS) ester from Lumiprobe Corporation
(Florida, USA); Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (PBS),
Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine
serum (FBS), glutamine, and penicillin/streptomycin from Biological
Industries (Beit Haemek, Israel); human osteosarcoma cell line Saos-2
and human colon carcinoma cell line SW620 from American Type Culture
Collection (Manassas, VA); and Matrigel from Sigma (Germany). DDW was purified
by passing deionized DDW through an Elgastat Spectrum reverse osmosis
system (ELGA Ltd., High Wycombe, UK). Coral scaffold was received
as a gift from Boneus Ltd. (Haifa, Israel).

Tal N., Rudnick-Glick S., Grinberg I., Natan M., Banin E, & Margel S. (2018). Engineering of a New Bisphosphonate Monomer and Nanoparticles of Narrow Size Distribution for Antibacterial Applications. ACS Omega, 3(2), 1458-1469.

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Synthesis of Phosphazene-Containing Polymers

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PEO (average M_v = 600,000; Sigma-Aldrich) was dried at 50 °C for 24 h under
vacuum before use. Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP, 99%), aluminum
trichloride (AlCl₃, 99.9%), 2-methoxyethylamine (99%),
3-methoxypropylamine (99%), n-butyllithium (2.5 M
in hexanes), and anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF; 99.9%) were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification. 2,2,2-Trifluoroethylamine
(98%), Li foil (99.9%), trimethylamine (TEA, 99%), anhydrous acetonitrile
(ACN; 99.8%), and anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; 99.8%) were
purchased from Fisher Scientific and used as received. LiFePO₄ (LFP, 99.5%; Gelon) and Super C45 Carbon Black were dried
at 60 °C before use. All synthesis procedures were carried out
on a Schlenk line under N₂, and all other air- and/or moisture-sensitive
procedures were carried out in an Ar-filled glovebox (H₂O and O₂ less than 1 ppm).

Johnson B.R., Sankara Raman A., Narla A., Jhulki S., Chen L., Marder S.R., Ramprasad R., Turcheniuk K, & Yushin G. (2024). Polyphosphazene-Based Anion-Anchored Polymer Electrolytes For All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS Omega, 9(13), 15410-15420.

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Purification and Analysis of Organic Compounds

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The following chemical reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) and were used without any additional purification: methyllithium (MeLi, 1.6 M diethylether), isopropenylacetate (IPA), anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF), sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH, 1.0 M), citric acid monohydrate (CAM), trisodium citric acid (TCA), sodium chloride (NaCl) and lithium acetoacetate (LAA). All reactions were carried out using anhydrous solvents unless otherwise stated. Both the resin materials i.e., Dowex X8-100 (cation resin material) and AG 1X-8 (anion exchange resin material), chromatography flex columns and the analytical HPLC column heater were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Hampton, NH). Aqueous 5 mM sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) solution was purchased from VWR scientific (Radnor, PA). Analytical HPLC was performed using Varain ProStar system, which includes quaternary gradient pump, manual injector, a variable wavelength detector and a standard Bioscan radioactivity-HPLC-flow detector. Aminex HPX-87 H analytical column (300 × 70 mm) was purchased from BIO-RAD (Hercules, CA). Sterile pyrogen-free filters were purchased from Millipore Corp (Billerica, MA).

Sai K.K., Gage H.D., Almaguel F., Neth B., Hughes T.M., Tremblay S., Castellano C.A., Cunnane S.C., Jorgensen M.J., Craft S, & Mintz A. (2017). Automated Synthesis of 1-[11C]acetoacetate on a TRASIS AIO module. Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine, 129, 57-61.

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Functionalization of Nanodiamond Particles

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Nanodiamond particles were modified following the published method^{37 (link)}. 1.5 g of nanodiamond (UD90 grade, provided by SP3, USA), was purified by air oxidation at 425 °C and cleansed of metal impurities by boiling in a mixture of HCl, HNO₃, and distilled water for 24 h. 1.5 g of the resulting material was refluxed with 50 mL of SOCl₂ (Sigma Aldrich) and 1 mL of anhydrous N,N dimethylformamide (Sigma Aldrich), which is well known as a catalyst for this reaction, at 70 °C for 24 h. After removing supernatant by distillation, the obtained solid was washed with anhydrous tetrahydrofuran three times and then dried at ambient temperature in a desiccator under vacuum. The chlorinated nanodiamond powder was then stirred in a sealed flask with 5 g of ODA (Sigma Aldrich) at 90 ~ 100 °C for 96 h. After cooling, excess ODA was removed by rinsing 4 ~ 5 times with hot, anhydrous methanol (Sigma Aldrich). The ODA-modified nanodiamond can be easily dispersed in organic solvents^{37 (link)}.

Cheng X.B., Zhao M.Q., Chen C., Pentecost A., Maleski K., Mathis T., Zhang X.Q., Zhang Q., Jiang J, & Gogotsi Y. (2017). Nanodiamonds suppress the growth of lithium dendrites. Nature Communications, 8, 336.

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Synthesis of Organomagnesium Compounds

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Lithium pellets (99%), naphthalene, biphenyl,
phenanthrene, anthracene, 1.0 M di-n-butylmagnesium
(MgBu₂) in heptane, anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1,2-dimethoxyethane
(glyme), 2-methoxyethyl ether (diglyme), 1,4-dioxane, dibutyl ether,
FeCl₃ (99.9%), NiCl₂·6H₂O (99.9%),
FeCl₂ (98%), VCl₂ (85%), AlCl₃ (98.5%),
and anhydrous isopropanol (IPA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
and used as supplied. All glassware was washed with aqua regia (1:3
HNO₃/HCl) and flame-dried under vacuum before use. (Caution:
aqua regia solutions are dangerous and should be used with extreme
care; these solutions should never be stored in closed containers.)

Hopper E.R., Wayman T.M., Asselin J., Pinho B., Boukouvala C., Torrente-Murciano L, & Ringe E. (2021). Size Control in the Colloidal Synthesis of Plasmonic Magnesium Nanoparticles. The Journal of Physical Chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and Interfaces, 126(1), 563-577.

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Polymeric Nanocarriers for Doxorubicin Delivery

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Glycerol, sebacic acid, triethylamine (TEA), anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF), bromoisobutyryl bromide (BIBB), polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA), 1,1,4,7,10,10-Hexamethyltriethylenetetramine (HMTETA), copper (I) bromide, doxorubicin, triethylamine (TEA), ethyl α-bromoisobutyrate (EBIB) and α-cyclodextrin (αCD) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Nucleos, Singapore. Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM), MTT and cell culture reagents was purchased from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA).

Ye H., Owh C., Jiang S., Ng C.Z., Wirawan D, & Loh X.J. (2016). A Thixotropic Polyglycerol Sebacate-Based Supramolecular Hydrogel as an Injectable Drug Delivery Matrix. Polymers, 8(4), 130.

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Electrochemical Characterization of Redox Probes

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Unless otherwise mentioned, all materials were used as received. Tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB, 99.0 %), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 50wt%), anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF, ≥99.9%), potassium ferrocyanide (K₄[Fe(CN)₆], ≥98.5%), potassium ferricyanide (K₃[Fe(CN)₆], ≥99%), and potassium chloride (KCl, ≥99.0%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. β-propiolactone (95%) and anhydrous magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄, ≥99.5%) were received from Alfa Aesar and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, >99.0%), pyrrole (99%) and 3-dimethylaminopropylchloride hydrochloride (98%) were purchased from TCI. Methanol (MeOH, ≥99.8%) and diethyl ether (99.0%) were ordered from VWR. D₂O and CDCl₃ were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (USA). Carbon (Cat. #C110) and gold screen printed (Cat. #220 AT) electrodes were purchased from Metrohm DropSens (Spain). Both electrode types have the same dimensions: 3.4 × 1.0 × 0.05 cm³ (length × width × height). Reaction mixtures were purified using a Biotage SNAP Bio C18 25 μm 60 g on a Biotage Isolera with a gradient composed of water and methanol for reversed-phase chromatography. In all cases, water refers to MilliQ water with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm⁻¹ at 25 °C. ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AC-400 MHz spectrometer. Electrospray ionization mass spectra were recorded using a Waters 3100 Mass Detector.

Kilic T., Gessner I., Cho Y., Jeong N., Quintana J., Weissleder R, & Lee H. (2022). Zwitterionic polymer electroplating facilitates the preparation of electrode surface for biosensing. Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 34(8), e2107892.

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Biodegradable Polymeric Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery

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Methoxy poly(ethylene oxide) with an average molecular weight of ~5000 g/mol, l-aspartic acid β-benzyl ester, triphosgene (98%), ε-caprolactone (97%), stannous 2-ethylhexanoate (Sn(Oct)₂, 92.5–100%), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.8%), dichloromethane (DCM, 99.8%), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF, 99.9%), pyrene (98%), Rhodamine B (RhB), triethylamine (TEA, 99.5%), anhydrous diethyl ether, paraformaldehyde (97%), anhydrous hexane (99.5%), doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX·HCl), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and hydrobromic acid (in 33 wt.% acetic acid), were products of Sigma Aldrich. Additionally, 4’,6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM), 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin-streptomycin, trypsin, and Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were obtained from GIBCO Invitrogen Corp. Selenocystamine dihydrochloride was purchased from Combi-Blocks, San Diego, CA, USA. Unless otherwise specified, reagents were used as received without further purification.

Birhan Y.S., Darge H.F., Hanurry E.Y., Andrgie A.T., Mekonnen T.W., Chou H.Y., Lai J.Y, & Tsai H.C. (2020). Fabrication of Core Crosslinked Polymeric Micelles as Nanocarriers for Doxorubicin Delivery: Self-Assembly, In Situ Diselenide Metathesis and Redox-Responsive Drug Release. Pharmaceutics, 12(6), 580.

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Multifunctional Hybrid Polymer Synthesis

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3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, castor oil (CO), 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate, 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl isocyanate, poly(propylene glycol) M_w = 1000, trimethyl-1,6-diisocyanatohexane, mixture of 2,2,4- and 2,4,4-isomers (TMDI), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF), toluene, dibutyltin dilaurate, AgNO₃, gold chloride trihydrate (HAuCl₄·3H₂O), Pd(NO₃)₂·2H₂O and Irgacure 819 were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Chemical Co (Taufkirchen, Germany) and used without further purification. The synthesis protocol for the preparation of ZnO nanoparticles was reported into a previous publication [30 (link)].

Chibac-Scutaru A.L., Podasca V., Timpu D, & Melinte V. (2020). Comparative Study on the Influence of Noble Metal Nanoparticles (Ag, Au, Pd) on the Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO NPs Embedded in Renewable Castor Oil Polymer Matrices. Materials, 13(16), 3468.

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