Sb203580 sb2

Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK)-inhibitor Y-27632 (Y) and epidermal growth factor was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan) and SB203580 (SB2) was obtained from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI). Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium−high glucose (DMEM-HG) and fetal bovine serum were obtained from Gibco Industries Inc. (Langley, OK) and plastic culture plates were obtained from Corning. Unless indicated differently, all other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. (St. Louis, MO).

The rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (Y) to promote the cell differentiation and epidermal growth factor (EGF) originally used to promote the cell proliferation⁵ (link)^,7 (link) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan), and a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 (SB2) from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI) was used to block the cell senescence. SB431543 (SB4), originally thought to block the negative effect of transforming growth factor-β on cultures,⁵ (link)^,7 (link) Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium–high glucose and fetal bovine serum were obtained from Gibco Industries Inc. (Langley, OK), and plastic culture plates were obtained from Corning (Corning, Inc., Corning, NY). Oligomycin, carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl-hydrazone (FCCP), rotenone and antimycin, UK5099, Bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1.3.4-thiadiazol-2-yl) ethyl sulfide (BPTES), and etomoxir were purchased from Agilent Technologies.