Transwell migration and invasion assays were performed in 24-well Transwell plates (Corning) inculuding a polycarbonate membrane (8-μm pore size). About 1 × 10 4 cells were plated in the top chamber after transfection. Medium containing 10% PBS was added to the lower chambers. After incubation at 37℃ for 36 hours, the non-invading cells were gently removed with a cotton swab, and the penetrated cells were xed in methanol for 20 minutes and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for 10 and 5 minutes, respectively. Cell numbers were counted under a DFC300 FX microscope (Leica).
Colonial formation 500 MIA PaCa-2 or AsPC-1 cells were plated in 6-well plates. And two weeks later, the cells were xed in methanol for 20 minutes and stained with hexamethylpararosaniline for 10 minutes.