Violaxanthin, neoxanthin, antheraxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, phytoene, β-cryptoxanthin, phytofluene, α-carotene, β-carotene, ζ-carotene, δ-carotene, γ-carotene, neurosporene and lycopene were purchased from CaroteNature (Lupsingen, Switzerland). Methanol was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Tert-methyl butyl ether (MTBE), chloroform and dichloromethane were purchased from Avantor Performance Materials (Panoli, Gujrat, India), hexane from Sigma chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA) and ethanol from Hayman Ltd. (Essex, USA). All reagents were HPLC grade or higher. A Millipore Milli-Q water purification system was used to obtain high purity of water.
Neoxanthin
Manufactured by CaroteNature
Sourced in Switzerland
Neoxanthin is a carotenoid compound found in various plants. It is a primary constituent of the photosynthetic apparatus and contributes to the light-harvesting capabilities of the organism.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Violaxanthin, by CaroteNature (5 mentions)
Lutein, by CaroteNature (3 mentions)
Antheraxanthin, by CaroteNature (3 mentions)
β carotene, by CaroteNature (2 mentions)
Zeaxanthin, by CaroteNature (2 mentions)
Phytoene, by CaroteNature (1 mentions)
Lycopene, by CaroteNature (1 mentions)
Phytofluene, by CaroteNature (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
β cryptoxanthin, by CaroteNature (1 mentions)
γ carotene, by CaroteNature (1 mentions)
δ carotene, by CaroteNature (1 mentions)
Milli q water purification system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hexane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dichloromethane, by Avantor (1 mentions)
α carotene, by CaroteNature (1 mentions)
Riboflavin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Lutein, by Extrasynthese (1 mentions)
Zeaxanthin, by Extrasynthese (1 mentions)
Thiamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 protocols using neoxanthin
1
Carotenoid Standards Acquisition and Purification
2
Carotenoids and Tocopherols Extraction
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Solvents, at the highest purity, and other analytical grade reagents were acquired from Sigma (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Alfa-carotene, 9-cis-β-carotene, 13-cis-β-carotene, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin standards were purchased from CaroteNature (Lupsingen, Switzerland); lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin were acquired from Extrasynthese (Z.I. Lyon-Nord, Genay, France). All-trans-β-carotene, thiamine, and riboflavin were purchased from Sigma Chemicals; α, β, γ, and δ-tocopherol standards were acquired from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany); α, β, γ, and δ-tocotrienol standards were obtained as in Panfili et al. [28 (link)].
3
Carotenoid Quantification by HPLC
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Pigment content determinations were performed by HPLC as previously described (Fraser et al., 2000) (link) with modifications (D'Ambrosio et al., 2011) (link). Pigment separation was performed with an Agilent 1200 ChemStation HPLC system (Agilent Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, USA) equipped with a DAD system using a C30 reverse-phase column (C30-YMC; 250 9 4.6 mm, S-5 lm, YMC, Milford, MA). Data acquisition and analysis were carried out with the ChemStation for LC 3D system software (Rev.B.03.02; Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA). Quantification of carotenoids was carried out using calibration curves derived from analysis with authentic standards as previously described (Giorio et al., 2013) (link). Peak identification of violaxanthin, neoxanthin, antheraxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene, Lycopene, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were based on retention times and spectral properties of authentic standards. Lycopene, β-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and 8ʹ-apo-β-carotenal were purchased from Sigma (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), violaxanthin, neoxanthin, and antheraxanthin were purchased from CaroteNature GmbH (Lupsingen, Switzerland).
4
Carotenoid Profiling and Quantification
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The most relevant carotenoids were identified by comparison of UV-visible spectra with those of commercially available standards, β-carotene (Sigma 95%, synthetic,) (C-9750), lutein (Sigma 70%, from alfalfa) neoxanthin (0234.1) from CaroteNature GmbH (Erlenauweg 17, 3110 Münsingen, Switzerland), matching also different information such as position of absorption maxima (λ max ) and the degree of vibration fine structure (% III/II) (Table 1) [34] (link). Quantification of individual compounds was done by calibration curves using the respective standards for lutein and β-carotene with R 2 = 0.9997 and R 2 = 0.9991, respectively, whereas neoxanthin was expressed as lutein equivalent because of the unavailability of a fresh neoxanthin standard. The results were expressed in terms of concentration (mg kg -1 of berries) and content (µg berry -1 ) to avoid an overestimation of the changes that may be the result of an altered berry surface area to volume ratio.
5
Carotenoid Standards Characterization Protocol
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The carotenoid standards: Neoxanthin (purity 97%), violaxanthin (purity 95%), zeaxanthin (purity 97%), lutein (purity 99%), antheraxanthin (purity 95%),
-cryptoxanthin (purity 97%), -carotene (purity 97%) and -carotene (purity 96%) were obtained from CaroteNature (Lupsingen, Switzerland). Methanol (MeOH), acetone (Ac), ethanol (EtOH), n-hexane (Hx), diethyl ether, acetic acid, acetonitrile, and potassium hydroxide (KOH, purity 90%) were from Panreac Química SLU (Castellar del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain). All HPLC organic solvents were of analytical grade.
Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, potassium persulfate, sodium carbonate, gallic acid, ABTS
[2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)], and AAPH [2,2'-Azobis (2amidinopropane) dihydrochloride] were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corp. (Saint Louis, Missouri, USA). Fluorescein (FL) and Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) were purchased from Fluka Chemika (Neu-Ulm, Germany). Ultrapure water was obtained from a purified water system Q-Gard ® 1 from Merck Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany) with a resistivity of 18.0 M •cm. Gas nitrogen has been obtained from Air Liquide (Madrid, Spain).
-cryptoxanthin (purity 97%), -carotene (purity 97%) and -carotene (purity 96%) were obtained from CaroteNature (Lupsingen, Switzerland). Methanol (MeOH), acetone (Ac), ethanol (EtOH), n-hexane (Hx), diethyl ether, acetic acid, acetonitrile, and potassium hydroxide (KOH, purity 90%) were from Panreac Química SLU (Castellar del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain). All HPLC organic solvents were of analytical grade.
Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, potassium persulfate, sodium carbonate, gallic acid, ABTS
[2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)], and AAPH [2,2'-Azobis (2amidinopropane) dihydrochloride] were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corp. (Saint Louis, Missouri, USA). Fluorescein (FL) and Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) were purchased from Fluka Chemika (Neu-Ulm, Germany). Ultrapure water was obtained from a purified water system Q-Gard ® 1 from Merck Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany) with a resistivity of 18.0 M •cm. Gas nitrogen has been obtained from Air Liquide (Madrid, Spain).
6
Comprehensive Carotenoid Analysis Protocol
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The carotenoid analyses were conducted as previously described in D’Ambrosio et al. [25 (link)], with the Agilent 1200 Chemstation HPLC system (Agilent Technologies, Milano, Italy) and a C-30 4,6x250 mm reversed phase column (YMC Europe GmbH, Dinslaken, Germany). The pigments were extracted from leaves and ripe fruits and the assays were carried out with at least three biological replicates.
Carotenoids were identified and quantified using calibration curves of the standard compounds of violaxanthin, neoxanthin, supplied by Carotenature GmbH (Carotenature GmbH, Bern, Switzerland), lutein, zeaxanthin, b-carotene, and lycopene e 8′-apo-β-carotenal (internal standard) from Sigma Aldrich (Merk KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany).
Carotenoids were identified and quantified using calibration curves of the standard compounds of violaxanthin, neoxanthin, supplied by Carotenature GmbH (Carotenature GmbH, Bern, Switzerland), lutein, zeaxanthin, b-carotene, and lycopene e 8′-apo-β-carotenal (internal standard) from Sigma Aldrich (Merk KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany).
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!