Lunar prodigy encore

The BMD of the participants was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) using a Lunar Prodigy enCORE-based densitometer (GE Healthcare^®, Chicago, IL, USA). The DXA device was calibrated daily. For the examination, the participants were barefoot and used light, tight-fitting clothing without earrings, rings, dentures, and other types of metal materials. The measurements were performed at two sites, total body and lumbar spine, according to the Brazilian Society of Clinical Densitometry. Femoral measurements were not used since this bone continues to grow until 20 years of age [2 (link)]. Bone mineral density was determined as the ratio between bone mineral content (g) and bone area (cm²). The two measurements in g/cm² were considered the outcome variables.

Volunteers were instructed to follow normal dietary habits for 3 days before arriving at the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility. Participants provided fasting blood samples and were given a light breakfast of either toast or cereal immediately prior to ¹H MRS. Athletes and controls were instructed to refrain from vigorous exercise for at least 24 and 19 h, respectively, prior to ¹H MRS.
HOMA-IR was calculated as fasting insulin (pmol/l) × fasting glucose (μU/ml)/22.5. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Lunar Prodigy enCORE version 12.5 for controls and Lunar iDXA enCORE version 16 for athletes; GE Healthcare, Madison, WI).