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The MMulV is a laboratory instrument designed for the measurement and analysis of various samples. It is a versatile piece of equipment that can be used in a wide range of scientific applications. The core function of the MMulV is to provide accurate and reliable data to support research and testing activities.

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11 protocols using mmulv

1

sRNA Library Preparation and Sequencing

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The sRNA library was constructed according to MGIEasy instructions (MGI Co., Shenzhen, China) [31 (link)]. The RNA fragments with a length of 18–50 nt were isolated by size on a 15% TBE (Tris–borate–EDTA–urea) polyacrylamide gel. The 5′ or 3′ adapter was ligated to the sRNA fragments with T4 RNA ligase (Promega, Madison, WI, USA), increasing the length to 41–76 nt. The extended fragment was used for the synthesis of a single strand of cDNA using M-MuLV (Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA). The cDNAs were amplified for sRNAs through 35 PCR cycles using stem–loop primers with sRNAs. The PCR products were purified and then sequenced using a HiSeq2000 sequencer.
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2

Small RNA Library Generation and Sequencing

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The quality of total RNA was analyzed with both a Shimadzu 206-97213C BioSpec-nano analyzer system and a denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system. A small RNA library was generated according to the Illumina sample preparation instructions (Chen et al., 2012 (link)). The RNA fragments were reverse transcribed using M-MuLV (Invitrogen) with reverse transcription (RT) primers (as recommended by Illumina) to generate single-stranded cDNA. The cDNA was subsequently amplified with Pfx DNA polymerase (Invitrogen) using 20 PCR cycles and the Illumina small RNA primer set. PCR products were purified, and the recovered cDNA was precipitated and quantified with both a NanoDrop spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific) and a TBS-380 mini-fluorometer (Turner Biosystems) using the PicoGreenH dsDNA quantitation reagent (Invitrogen). The sample concentration was adjusted to 10 nM, and 10-mL final volumes were used for the sequencing reaction. The purified cDNA library was used for cluster generation (on the Illumina Cluster Station). The cDNA was subsequently sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq2000 machine, following the manufacturer's instructions.
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3

Apoptosis-related gene expression analysis

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Forty-eight hours after transfection, cells were collected and total RNA was extracted using TRIzol (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, California, USA). For RT-PCR, RNA was reverse transcribed with M-MuLV (Fermentas, Vilnius, Lithuania) to form cDNA. The primer pairs for the PCR amplification of Bax, Bcl-2 and GAPDH (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) were synthesized by Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China) and their sequences are given in Table 1.

Primer sequences used in reverse transcription-PCR.

BaxF1: 5′AAGCTGAGCGAGTGTCTCAAG3′
 R1: 5′CAAAGTAGAAAGGGCGACAAC3′
Bcl-2F1: 5′TGGGAGAACAGGGTACGATAAC3′
 R1: 5′GAACTCAAAGAAGGCCACAATC3′
GAPDHF1: 5′GGGAAACTGTGGCGTGAT3′
 R1: 5′GAGTGGGTGTCGCTGTTGA3′
DNA polymerase rTaq (TaKaRa Biotechnology (Dalian) Co., Ltd., Dalian, China) was used to amplify Bax, Bcl-2 and GAPDH from the template cDNA. GAPDH was used as an internal control. The PCR products of Bax, Bcl-2 and GAPDH were analysed in a 1.5% agarose gel and scanned by a gel-imaging system (Shanghai Forte Co., Shanghai, China).
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4

CD4+ T Cell Gene Expression Profiling

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CD4+ T cells were purified from PBMC using magnetic cell isolation beads according to the manufacturer’s instructions (MACS, Miltenyi Biotech). CD4+ T cell purity was >98% by flow cytometry. RNA was extracted from the isolated CD4+ T cells using an RNA isolation kit (RNeasy Mini Kit, Qiagen). mRNA levels of transcription factors (TBET, GATA3, RORC, PRDM1), cytokines (IFNG, IL10, IL17A, IL21) and CD40L were determined semi-quantitatively using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with Sybr Green. RNA was reverse transcribed using Moloney Murine Leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (M-MuLV, Fermentas) with random hexamer primers (Roche) and the obtained cDNA was used for the quantification of mRNA levels. The PCR reactions were optimized with specific primer sets and performed on the LightCycler (FastStart DNA Master SYBR Green I, Roche Light Cycler 480 II) (S1 Table). Relative quantification of target genes was performed by 2–ΔΔCT method using the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as the reference gene.
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5

Quantitative RT-PCR Analysis of mRNA Targets

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Equal amounts (2 μg) of total mRNA from formononetin and everolimus-treated cells were subsequently transcribed into cDNA using M-MuLV reverse transcriptase (Thermo Fisher Scientific) (Waltham, MA, USA). All reactions were performed in a final volume of 20 μL. The qRT-PCR reaction conditions were as follows: activation at 95°C for 10 min with 40 cycles of denaturation at 95°C for 15 s, primer annealing and extension at 60°C for 1 min, and ramping back to 95°C. Human-specific primers for 5′-GCAATATGTTCATAACGATGGCTGTGG-3′ (PTEN forward) and 5′-GAACTGGCAGGTAGAAGGCAACTC-3′ (PTEN reverse), 5′-TTGGAGAACCAGCCCATAAGA-3′ (mTOR forward) and 5′-ATGAGATGTCGCTTGCTTGATAA-3′ (mTOR reverse), 5′-CGCCTGCCCTTCTACAACC-3′ (Akt forward) and 5′-TCATACACATCTTGCCACACGA-3′ (Akt reverse), 5′-GGGCTAGCGATGTCCGGGGGCAGCAGCTG-3′ (4EBP1 forward) and 5′-GGAAGCTTAATGTCCATCTCAAACTGTGACTC-3′ (4EBP1 reverse), 5′-GGGCTAGCGATGAGGCGACGAAGGAGGCGG-3′ (p70s6k forward) and 5′-GGGGTACCTAGATTCATACGCAGGTGCTCTG-3′ (p70s6k reverse) were designed. Expression was assessed using the ΔCt method.
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6

Quantifying neuroLSD1/LSD1 Ratio in Mice

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Total RNA was isolated from mice hippocampus 7 h after pilocarpine injection using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen Life Technologies), and reverse transcribed using MMulV (Thermo Scientific). Rqf-PCR was performed as previously described [23 (link)]. PCR primers were designed to amplify 8a exon region: Ex8_FW: 6-Fam-5′TCCCATGGCTGTCGTCAGCA3’; Ex11_RV:5′CTACCATTTCATCTTTTTCTTTTGG3′. The ratio of neuroLSD1/LSD1 was analyzed by peak scanner software v.1.0.
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7

RNA Isolation and qRT-PCR Analysis

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Total RNA was isolated with Total RNA Isolation Reagent according to the manufacturer's protocol (Thermo Scientific). 2 μg RNA was transcribed using 125 units MMuLv (Thermo Scientific). Quantitative real–time PCR reagents were from Thermo Scientific and real-time PCR was performed using the Mx3000 (Stratagene) detection system. Expression differences were calculated as described before [37 (link)].
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8

Quantifying Hippocampal rcor Gene Expression

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Total RNA was isolated from mice hippocampus 7- or 24- hours after pilocarpine injection using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen Life Technologies) and reverse transcribed using MMulV (Thermo Scientific). Primers were based on the coding frame of the mouse rcor1 gene: F: 5′TCAGCAGACCACATCGTCAC3'; R:5′CATGAGGCTACAGTGCCCAA3'; rcor2 gene:F:5′AGGACAGAAGGGACTAGGGC3′; R:5′GTCACAGCCAGGAAGCAAGA3′; rcor3 gene: F:5′CACGGGGATGTTGGGATGAG3′ R:5′CGTGAAGTTAGGGAGGTCCG3'. Primers were manufactured by IDT™. All PCRs were performed with 5 x HOT FIREPol® EvaGreen® qPCR Mix Plus (Solis BioDyne) using a LightCycler 2 (Roche).
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9

Gene Expression Analysis Using qRT-PCR

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Total RNA was isolated with Total RNA Isolation Reagent (Thermo Scientific). 1 μg RNA was transcribed using 125 units MMuLv (Thermo Scientific). Quantitative real–time PCR reagents were from Thermo Scientific and real-time PCR was performed using the Mx3000 (Stratagene) detection system. Expression differences were calculated as described before. Primer sequences are listed in Supplementary Table 1.
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10

Quantifying uLSD1/nLSD1 Ratio in HT22 Cells

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Total RNA was isolated from HT22 using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen Life Technologies), and reverse transcribed using MMulV (Thermo Scientific). Rqf-PCR was performed as previously described67 (link). qPCR primers were designed to amplify 8a exon region: Ex8_FW: 6-Fam-5′TCCCATGGCTGTCGTCAGCA3′; Ex11_RV:5′CTACCATTTCATCTTTTTCTTTTGG3′. The ratio of uLSD1/nLSD1 was analyzed by peak scanner software v.1.0.
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