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11 protocols using sodium nitrite

1

Histological Analysis of Bone Regeneration

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To perform H&E and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, tissues fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde underwent decalcification in 10% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at 4 °C for 3 weeks. They were then embedded in paraffin after dehydration, and 4-µm-thick sections were created. Sectioning of the paraffin-embedded samples was performed along the sagittal plane.
H&E staining was performed using haematoxylin (Vector Laboratories, Inc., Burlingame, CA) for 3 minutes, followed by 10 seconds of eosin (Wako). TRAP staining was performed with Naphthol AS-BI phosphate (Sigma), sodium nitrite (Wako), 0.08 M L(+)-tartaric acid (Wako), and pararosaniline hydrochloride (Sigma) in 0.1 M of sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0) at 37 °C in an incubator for 20 minutes, followed by nuclear counterstaining with haematoxylin. Under an Olympus light microscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan), TRAP-positive multinuclear giant cells adjacent to the collagen fibres were identified as osteoclasts. We counted the osteoclasts that were present in regions of bone regeneration and measured the area that consisted of new collagen (Olympus cellSens standard version 1.13; Olympus). The number of osteoclasts in the decalcified bone area (mm−2) was represented by the number of osteoclasts in the new collagen area.
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of CoMoCAT SWNTs

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The SWNTs (CoMoCAT (6,5) rich) were purchased from SouthWest Nanotechnologies. Sodium hydrate and sodium nitrite were obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Industries. Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), 4-hydroxyacetanilide, 1,3-dibromopropane and 1,9-dibromononan were purchased from the Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Tetrafluoroboric acid (48 wt.% aqueous solution) and 4-methoxybenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate were purchased from the Sigma-Aldrich Co. D2O, potassium hydroxide, 1,5- bis(4-aminophenoxy)pentane and Styryl 13 were obtained from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Kishida Chemical Co., Angene International, and EXCITON Inc., respectively. All chemicals were used as received.
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3

Lipopolysaccharide Quantification Protocol

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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine, sodium nitrite, and sulfanilamide were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). All other chemicals and reagents used in the study were of analytical grade or higher.
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4

Quantitation of Purine Compounds

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Sodium nitrite, inosine monophosphate (IMP), inosine (INO) and hypoxanthine (Hx) standards were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). These chemicals were used in Wako Special Grade.
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5

Synthesis and Characterization of Ni-Ru Complexes

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Hydrochloric acid (Wako), acetic acid (Wako), sodium acetate (Wako), citric acid monohydrate (Wako), disodium hydrogenphosphate (Wako), sodium dihydrogenphosphate dihydrate (Wako), sodium hydroxide (Wako), sodium nitrite (Wako), chloroform (Wako), and 1,1′-dibenzyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride hydrate (TCI) were purchased and used as received. Compounds [Ni2+(L)Ru2+(H2O){η6-C6(CH3)6}](NO3)2 ([I](NO3)2, L = N,N′-dimethyl-3,7-diazanonane-1,9-dithiolato), [Ni2+(H2O)(L)Ru2+(H){η6-C6(CH3)6}](NO3) ([Ihydride](NO3)), and K6[P2W186+O62] (K6[IIox]) were synthesized according to the reported procedures.6,15 (link) The buffer solutions were prepared using Hydrochloric acid (pH 2.06), citric acid/sodium citrate (pH 3.30), acetic acid/sodium acetate (pH 4.13, 5.07, 5.52), or phosphorus acid/sodium phosphate (pH 6.48, 7.38).
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6

Cytotoxicity and Nitric Oxide Assay

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Anhydrous sodium sulfate was purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Limonene (≥99.0%), γ-terpinene (≥98.5%), and LPSs from Escherichia coli O55:B5 were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Authentic standards for the identification of volatile aroma components were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich and Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). RPMI-1640, sodium nitrite, and squalane were obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). Dimethyl sulfoxide was purchased from Nacalai Tesque, Inc. (Kyoto, Japan) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Griess reagent comprised of 2.5% sulfanilamide (Sigma–Aldrich), 0.05% N-(1- naphthyl) ethylenediamine (Sigma–Aldrich), and 2.5% phosphoric acid (Wako Pure Chemical Industries). CellTiter 96™ Aqueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay reagent containing 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) was obtained from Promega Corporation (Madison, WI, USA).
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7

Sodium Nitrite and Captopril Evaluation

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Sodium nitrite and the ACE inhibitor captopril were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan).
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8

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Fluorescent Dye

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All reagents and solvents used for the synthesis and spectroscopic measurements were of the highest commercial quality and were used without purification. Tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, distilled water, acetic acid, 4-aminopyridine, tetrafluoroboric acid, sodium nitrite, N,N-dihexylaniline and CHAPS (3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]propanesulfonate) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries. Ethyl acetate was purchased from Kanto Chemical. FM4-64 was obtained from Biotium (SynaptoRed C2). All other reagents were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry or Sigma Aldrich, unless otherwise noted.
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9

Synthesis of Alkyl Halide Compounds

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DMF was freshly distilled before use. All chemicals from commercial sources were used as received unless otherwise stated. Phenol, 3′-aminoacetanilide, and 1-bromobutane were purchased from TCI, 1-bromo-2,2-dimethylpropane, magnesium sulfate, sodium nitrite, potassium iodide, iodoethane, and iodomethane were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, 37% hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, and potassium carbonate were purchased from KISHIDA Chemical Co., Ltd.
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10

Vasoactive Compounds Characterization

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The following drugs were used: betanin (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan); PGF 2α (Pharmacia-Upjohn, Tokyo, Japan); bradykinin and ET-1 (Peptide Institute Inc., Osaka, Japan); A23187 (Cayman Chemical Co., Ann Arbor, MI); sodium nitrite (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan); sodium nitroprusside and KCl (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan); papaverine hydrochloride (Dainippon-Sumitomo Pharma Co., Osaka, Japan). Sodium bicarbonate buffer (pH 9.2) and dimethyl sulfoxide were used as a solvent for PGF 2α and A23187, respectively. Distilled water was used to dissolve all other drugs and to prepare serial dilutions, as required, from stocks on the same day of the experiment.
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