5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid 5 hiaa

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Sao Tome and Principe

5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) is a metabolite of serotonin. It is used as a laboratory test to measure serotonin levels in the body.

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5 protocols using 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid 5 hiaa

Astaxanthin and Antidepressant Effects

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Trans-astaxanthin, imipramine hydrochloride, p-chlorophenylalanine HCl (PCPA, an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis), apomorphine hydrochloride, kynuramine dihydrobromide, 4-hydroxyquinoline, clorgyline, deprenyl, 5-hydroxytryptamine, noradrenaline, dopamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (USA). Moclobemide hydrochloride and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose were provided by Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology (China). For oral administration (via gavage, i.g.), Trans-astaxanthin was dissolved in 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and moclobemide was dissolved in redistilled water. For intraperitoneal injection, imipramine and fluoxetine were dissolved in redistilled water. In acute experiments, the behavioral and neurochemical tests were conducted 1 h after Trans-astaxanthin (20, 40, 80 mg/kg, i.g.) treatment [37 (link)]. The effects of positive antidepressants such as moclobemide (20 mg/kg, i.g.), imipramine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) were tested 1 h (meclobemide) and 30 min (imipramine and fluoxetine) respectively, after administration of the drugs as previously described [20 (link), 38 ].

Jiang X., Zhu K., Xu Q., Wang G., Zhang J., Cao R., Ye J, & Yu X. (2017). The antidepressant-like effect of trans-astaxanthin involves the serotonergic system. Oncotarget, 8(15), 25552-25563.

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Gingerol Biomedical Protocol Composition

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[6]-gingerol (≥98% purity, measured by HPLC) was obtained from Chengdu Must Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China) and dissolved in 3% Tween 80. The chemical structure of [6]-gingerol is shown in Figure 1. Cisplatin (powder injection) and ondansetron (hydrochloride injection) were acquired from Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (China). Cisplatin was dissolved in saline. Arabic gum and kaolin powder were acquired from China Pharmaceutical Chemical Reagents Co., Ltd. (China). 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Anti-5HT_3A receptor antibody (ab13897), anti-MAO-A antibody (ab126751), anti-SERT antibody (ab130130), anti-TPH-1 antibody (ab 52954), and anti-TPH-2 antibody (ab184505) were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Anti-rabbit secondary antibodies, anti-mouse secondary antibodies, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) antibody were purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Haimen, Jiangsu, China).Figure 1

Chemical structure of [6]-gingerol.

Cheng Q., Feng X., Meng Q., Li Y., Chen S., Wang G, & Nie K. (2020). [6]-Gingerol Ameliorates Cisplatin-Induced Pica by Regulating the TPH/MAO-A/SERT/5-HT/5-HT3 Receptor System in Rats. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 14, 4085-4099.

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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for Monoamine Profiling

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Monoamines were assayed via high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). Frozen tissues were weighed, thawed, and sonicated in appropriate volumes of 0.1 N perchloric acid (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA). Samples were centrifuged for 14 min at 13,000 RCF at 4°C. The supernatant sample was transferred to a new vial for injection on a Supelco Supelcosil^™ LC-18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 3 μm; Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO). The HPLC system consisted of a Waters 717 plus autosampler (Waters Corp., Milford, MA), ESA 584 pump, and Coulochem III electrochemical detector. The potential settings were −150 mV for E1 and +250 mV for E2, with a guard cell potential set at +350 mV. MD-TM mobile phase (ESA, Inc.) was used and consisted of 75 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate (monohydrate), 1.7 mM 1-octanesulfonic acid sodium salt, 100 μl/l triethylamine, 25 μM EDTA, and 10% acetonitrile, with a final pH of 3.0. The pump flow rate was set at 0.7 ml/min, and the samples were run at 28°C. Standards for DA, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), norepinephrine (NE), 5-HT, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) (all obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO) were prepared in 0.1 N perchloric acid. All neurotransmitters were run on a single chromatogram.

Braun A.A., Amos-Kroohs R.M., Guetierez A., Lundgren K.H., Seroogy K.B., Skelton M.R., Vorhees C.V, & Williams M.T. (2014). Dopamine Depletion In Either The Dorsomedial Or Dorsolateral Striatum Impairs Egocentric Cincinnati Water Maze Performance While Sparing Allocentric Morris Water Maze Learning. Neurobiology of learning and memory, 0, 55-63.

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Pharmacological Modulation of Stress-Induced Behaviors

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Resveratrol, fluoxetine, diazepam, (±)-8-Hydroxy-2-(dipropylamino) tetralin hydrobromide (8-OH-DPAT, a 5-HT_1A receptor agonist), 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). NAN-190 hydrobromide (NAN-190, a 5-HT_1A receptor antagonist) was obtained from Tocris Bioscience (Ellisville, MO, USA).
All drugs were dissolved in saline and diluted to desired concentration on the day of testing except Resveratrol that was dissolved in 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na). Resveratrol was administered by gavage (i.g.) at doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg with a volume of 5 ml/kg body weight, 50 min before CACS procedure. fluoxetine (10 mg/kg), diazepam (1 mg/kg), 8-OH-DPAT (0.5 mg/kg) and NAN-190 hydrobromide (0.1 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) in a volume of 1 ml/kg. fluoxetine and diazepam were administered 30 min before CACS procedure. For co-administered with Resveratrol, the 5-HT_1A receptor agonist and antagonist (8-OH-DPAT and NAN-190) were injected 15 min before Resveratrol administration. All the behavioral tests started 24 h after last drug treatment (Figure 1B).

Yu Y.C., Li J., Zhang M., Pan J.C., Yu Y., Zhang J.B., Zheng L., Si J.M, & Xu Y. (2019). Resveratrol Improves Brain-Gut Axis by Regulation of 5-HT-Dependent Signaling in the Rat Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 13, 30.

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Investigation of Strychnos nux-vomica Neurotransmitter Modulation

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The dried seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica L were purchased from SanXiang Chinese Herbal Medicine Co. Ltd., which was identified by associate professor Jinping Li, School of Pharmacy, Central South University. ISL was purchased from Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals, Ltd. (CAS NO.961-29-5, Chengdu, China). Rat monoamine oxidase (MAO) ELISA kit was obtained from CUSABIO (Catalog No.CSB-E15076r, Wuhan, China). Rat catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) ELISA kit was obtained from Jiangsu Meimian Industrial Co., Ltd. (Catalog No. MM-0833R1, Jiangsu, China). The standards of 13 neurotransmitters, including dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), tryptophan (Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), glutamate (Glu), glycine (Gly), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and acetylcholine (ACh) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals (St. Louis, MO, United States). HPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ultrapure water is made by a MilliQ water purification system (Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA, United States).

Wang L., Zhang M., Wen J., Xiang Y., Duan X., Yu C., Yan M., Zhang B, & Fang P. (2021). Isoliquiritigenin Alleviates Semen Strychni-Induced Neurotoxicity by Restoring the Metabolic Pathway of Neurotransmitters in Rats. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 762290.

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