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Formic acid solution

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Formic acid solution is a clear, colorless liquid. It is a chemical compound composed of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. The solution's primary function is to serve as a chemical reagent for various industrial and laboratory applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions) Adenine, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Direct q water purification system, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Milli q water purification system, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Methanol, by Mallinckrodt (1 mentions) Acetonitrile, by Mallinckrodt (1 mentions) Bedaquiline, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Levofloxacin, by LGC (1 mentions) Bedaquiline d6, by LGC (1 mentions) Levofloxacin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Heparin sodium, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ultrapure water system, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Gibco rpmi 1640 medium, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Penicillin streptomycin solution, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Lipopolysaccharide lps, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Methanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate pma, by MedChemExpress (1 mentions) Insulin, by Meilun (1 mentions) Hepes buffer, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

11 protocols using formic acid solution

1

Isolation and Characterization of PPU and ERG

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The extraction and isolation of PPU extract and ERG have been shown in the reported literature [64 (link)]. Adenine (batch No.: A8626, Purity 99.0%) and formic acid solution (ref BCBB6918, purity 50%), UPLC grade, were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co (Sigma Corp., St. Louis, MO, USA). Liquid-chromatography-grade acetonitrile and methanol were obtained from the Baker Company (Mallinckrodt Baker Inc., Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). Ultra-high purity water was prepared using a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore Corp., Billerica, MA, USA). All other reagents were analytical grade and their purity was above 99.5%.
Wang Y.N., Hu H.H., Zhang D.D., Wu X.Q., Liu J.L., Guo Y., Miao H, & Zhao Y.Y. (2021). The Dysregulation of Eicosanoids and Bile Acids Correlates with Impaired Kidney Function and Renal Fibrosis in Chronic Renal Failure. Metabolites, 11(2), 127.
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2

Analytical Method for Antimicrobial Drugs

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LC-MS grade solvents used for method development (water and methanol) were purchased from Burdick and Jackson (Muskegon, MI). All reference and internal standards except levofloxacin, bedaqualine, ethionamide-d5, prothionamide-d5, and bedaquiline-d6 were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, ON). Reference standards for levofloxacin and bedaquiline were purchased from Sigma (St Louis, MO). Ethionamide-d5, prothionamide-d5, and bedaquiline-d6 were purchased from ClearSynth (Mississauga, ON). Formic acid solution was purchased from Sigma (St Louis, MO).
Gerona R., Wen A., Aguilar D., Shum J., Reckers A., Bacchetti P., Gandhi M, & Metcalfe J. (2019). Simultaneous analysis of 11 medications for drug resistant TB in small hair samples to quantify adherence and exposure using a validated LC-MS/MS panel. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 1125, 121729.
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3

Quantification of Bioactive Compounds in Herbal Extract

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PYQ was obtained from the Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, with batch numbers of 20,190,704. SAB, PRO, PE, AST, FE, CH, and naringin (IS) were purchased from the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control. Their chemical structures are presented in Fig. 1. Ethyl acetate was purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. Methanol was chromatographic grade and obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Formic acid solution and heparin sodium were purchased from Sigma Co. (St Louis, MO). Deionized water was purified by a Milli-Q Ultrapure water system (Millipore, Milford, MA, USA). All of the other reagents were analytical grade. The human IL-1β, and TNF-α ELISA kits were purchased from Beijing 4A Biotech Co., Ltd. Gibco RPMI-1640 Medium, Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), and Penicillin–Streptomycin solution were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA). Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was obtained from MedChemExpress. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was provided by Sigma-Aldrich. Insulin was purchased from Dalian Meilun Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The THP-1 cell lines were supplied by Shanghai Cell Bank, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China).

Chemical structures of the six candidate compounds and naringin

Gong L., Miao Z., Zhang L., Shi B., Xiao Z., Qiu P., Liu M, & Zou W. (2022). Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of bioactive compounds in Penyanqing preparation in THP-1 inflammatory cells induced by Lipopolysaccharide. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 22, 323.
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4

Exendin-4 Evaluation for Therapeutic Use

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Ex-4 (C184H282N50O60S) was purchased from the AnyGen Co. (Gwangju, Korea). Biodegradable polymer carboxymethylcellulose (CMC; 90 kDa), phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4), HEPES buffer (pH 5.5), buffer solution (pH 4, 8, 9 and 10), potassium bromide (KBr), formic acid solution, acetonitrile (ACN), 4, 5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5- diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and Avertin (2,2,2-tribromoethanol) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Human embryonic kidney 293 T (HEK293T) cells were purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA). Male C57BLKS/J db/db mice (6 to 7 weeks old, 20 to 25 g) were purchased from Japan SLC, Inc. (Hamamatsu, Japan). The Ex-4 enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kit was purchased from Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (EK-070-94; Burlingame, CA, USA).
Fakhraei Lahiji S., Jang Y., Huh I., Yang H., Jang M, & Jung H. (2018). Exendin-4–encapsulated dissolving microneedle arrays for efficient treatment of type 2 diabetes. Scientific Reports, 8, 1170.
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5

Analytical Separation of Adenine

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Adenine (batch Number: A8626, Purity 99.0%) and formic acid solution (ref BCBB6918, purity 50%) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co., Ltd. LC-grade methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from the Baker Company. Ultra high purity water was prepared using a Milli-Q water purification system. Other chemicals were of analytical grade and their purity was above 99.5%.
Wang Y.N., Wu X.Q., Zhang D.D., Hu H.H., Liu J.L., Vaziri N.D., Guo Y., Zhao Y.Y, & Miao H. (2021). Polyporus Umbellatus Protects Against Renal Fibrosis by Regulating Intrarenal Fatty Acyl Metabolites. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 633566.
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6

Analytical Methodology for Carcinogenic Adducts

Cited 2 times
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Caution: 2-Hydroxyamino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4 (link),5 (link)]pyridine and 4-Aminobiphenyl and its derivatives are carcinogenic and should be handled carefully.
Calf-thymus DNA, nuclease p1 from Penicillium citrinium, deoxyribonuclease 1 (DNase I) type 2 from bovine pancreas, alkaline phosphatase from Escherichia coli (type IIIs), ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO). Snake venom phosphodiesterase was purchased from USB Corporation (Cleveland, OH). N-(2-deoxyguanosine-8-yl)-4-ABP (dG-C8-4-ABP) was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, ON, Canada, D239600, CAS 84283-08-9, C22H22N6O4). N-(deoxyguanosine-8-yl)-2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-β]pyridine (dG-C8-PhIP) were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, ON, Canada, D239630, CAS 142784-25-6, C23H23N9O4). Formic acid solution was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO). HPLC grade water and methanol were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ).
Kafle A., Coy S.L., Wong B.M., Fornace AJ J.r., Glick J.J, & Vouros P. (2014). Understanding gas phase modifier interactions in rapid analysis by Differential Mobility-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 25(7), 1098-1113.
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7

Immunostaining of CFPAC6.0 Cells

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For immunostaining, CFPAC6.0 cells were seeded onto a cover-glass placed inside a well of a multiwell plate. The coverglass was washed twice with 1 × phosphate-buffered saline and then fixed for 25 min in 4% paraformaldehyde and 20mM formic acid solution (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) made in Grace’s media (Lonza, Allendale, NJ, USA). Cells were washed three times for 10 min with antibody wash buffer (1 × phosphate-buffered saline: 0.1% Triton X-100: 0.2% bovine serum albumin) and incubated overnight at 4 °C in primary antibody (mouse anti-CFTR, 1:500, R&D Systems). They were then washed three times for 10 min and incubated for 2 h at room temperature in secondary antibody (anti-mouse IgG2A Alexa 488, Molecular Probes, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). After washing two times for 10 min in antibody wash, rhodamine phalloidin (Molecular Probes, Invitrogen) was added for 15 min. After washing two times for 5 min, 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole was added for 10 min, then removed and then the coverglass was mounted with Vectashield (Vector Laboratories Inc., Burlingame, CA, USA). Samples were imaged using a Zeiss 710 confocal microscope and 63× Plan Apo numerical aperture 1.4 lens. The image depicts Z-stacks, and an average of 300 cells in 10 different fields was analyzed.
Kumar P., Bhattacharyya S., Peters K., Glover M., Sen A., Cox R., Kundu S., Caohuy H., Frizzell R., Pollard H, & Biswas R. (2015). miR-16 rescues F508del-CFTR function in native cystic fibrosis epithelial cells. Gene therapy, 22(11), 908-916.
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8

Quantitative Analysis of Drugs in Urine and Hair

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Standards and deuterated internal standards were purchased from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX, USA). Working solutions for preparing calibration samples for urine and hair analysis were obtained via serial dilution of the standard solution in Acetonitrile. Acetonitrile (99.9%, HPLC gradient grade) was acquired from Acros Organics (Chemie Brunschwig, Basel, Switzerland). Ammonium hydroxide solution (25%), methanol, dichloromethane (all EMSURE®), and acetone (LiChrosolv®) were obtained from Merck (Grogg Chemie, Stettlen, Switzerland). Formic acid solution (puriss p.a., 50% in water) and ammonium formate (LiChropur®) were from Sigma-Aldrich (Buchs, Switzerland). Ultrapure water was generated in-house with a Direct-Q water purification system from Millipore (Zug, Switzerland). Drug-free urine and hair samples were donated by employees of the authors’ institute. Urine creatinine concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically on an AU480 analyzer (Beckman Coulter, Nyon, Switzerland) using the Jaffe method [26 ].
Haedener M., Weinmann W., Eich D., Liebrenz M., Wuethrich T, & Buadze A. (2021). Evaluating the reliability of hair analysis in monitoring the compliance of ADHD patients under treatment with Lisdexamphetamine. PLoS ONE, 16(3), e0248747.
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9

Quantitative Analysis of Cannabinoids

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Dried CBD-rich/THC-poor cannabis flowers (Cannabis sativa L.) were obtained from Swiss Cannabis SA (Härkingen, Switzerland). Acetonitrile (HPLC gradient grade, 99.9%) was purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium) and methanol (absolute, HPLC grade) from Biosolve (Dieuze, France). Butyl acetate (HPLC grade, 99.7%), formic acid solution (puriss p.a., 50% in water), and E. coli-type IX-A βglucuronidase were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Buchs, Switzerland). Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (puriss p.a., ACS), di-sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (analytical grade), and H. pomatia β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase were acquired from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Deionized water was prepared in-house with a Direct-Q water purification system from Millipore (Zug, Switzerland). THC, 11-hydroxy-THC (11-OH-THC), 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH), and CBD reference standards as well as their trideuterated analogs were purchased from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX, USA). THC-acid A, CBD-acid, and cannabinol (CBN) reference standards were obtained from Lipomed (Arlesheim, Switzerland). Blank human blood and urine samples were obtained from the blood donor center in Bern, Switzerland and donated by a volunteer, respectively, and were tested for the absence of cannabinoids prior to use.
Hädener M., Gelmi T.J., Martin-Fabritius M., Weinmann W, & Pfäffli M. (2019). Cannabinoid concentrations in confiscated cannabis samples and in whole blood and urine after smoking CBD-rich cannabis as a "tobacco substitute". International journal of legal medicine, 133(3).
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10

TMT Isobaric Labeling for Proteomics

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TMT 6-plex Isobaric Mass Tagging Kit was purchased from Thermo Scientific.
Trifluoroacetic acid solution (100% v/v), acetonitrile solution (100% v/v), formic acid solution (83% v/v), triethylammonium bicarbonate, iodoacetamide, and dithiothreitol (DTT) were purchased from Sigma. Protease inhibitor cocktail was from Roche. Poros R2 and R3 reversed-phase resins were from PerSeptive Biosystems. Sequencing Grade Modified Trypsin was from Promega. TRIzol reagent (for Real-Time PCR) was from Invitrogen. M-MLV reverse transcriptase was from ArrayScript (Ambion).
Gómez-Mendoza D.P., Marques F.D., Melo-Braga M.N., Sprenger R.R., Sinisterra R.D., Kjeldsen F., Santos R.A, & Verano-Braga T. (2019). Angiotensin-(1-7) oral treatment after experimental myocardial infarction leads to downregulation of CXCR4. Journal of proteomics, 208.
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