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35 protocols using nickel nitrate

1

Metal-Amino Acid Nanoparticle Synthesis

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All the chemicals and solvents used in this experiment were purchased commercially. Sodium citrate, nickel nitrate, potassium hexacyanocobaltate(iii), ethanol, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30%) lead nitrate, cobalt nitrate, nickel nitrate, zinc nitrate, silver nitrate, ferric nitrate, copper chloride, calcium chloride, ferrous chloride, manganese chloride, magnesium chloride, cadmium chloride, and barium chloride, and cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH), histidine (His), glucose (Glu), methionine (Met), phenylalanine (Phe), valine (Val), proline (Pro), arginine (Arg), thyamine (Thy), homocysteine (Hcy) and uric acid (Ura) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich and Alfa Aesar in India.
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoparticles

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Acetyl trimethylammonium bromide (C19H42BrN, purity >99.9%), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37 wt%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, purity >99.9%), silicon dioxide (SiO2, purity >99.8%), ammonium titanyl oxalate monohydrate ((NH4)2TiO(C2O4)2·H2O, purity: 98%), ethanol (C2H6O, purity ≥99.9%), nickel nitrate (Ni(NO3)2, purity> 99.8%) were purchased from Merck Company. Phenol red (C19H14O5S, purity: 98%), tert-butanol alcohol (C₄H₁₀O, purity ≥99.5%), p-benzoquinone (C6H4(=O), purity >98%), silver nitrate (AgNO3, purity ≥99%), and ammonium oxalate ((NH4)2C2O4·H2O, purity ≥99.99%) were provided from Sigma-Aldrich Company. The stock solution of the Phenol red dye was prepared daily in doubly distilled water (DDW). All working solutions were prepared by diluting the stock with DDW.
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3

Adogen 464-Assisted Extraction of Metals

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Cadmium sulfate, xylenol orange, Adogen 464, KSCN, and sulfuric acid were supplied from Riedel-Dehaen AG and Merck, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany. 3-(Triethoxysilyl) propylisocyanate (95%), poly 2,4-diaminophenol (98%), and ethylene glycol were bought from Sigma-Aldrich chemicals, St. Louis, MO, USA. Tetraethyl orthosilicate, nickel nitrate, block polypropylene glycol-block polyethylene glycol (P123, EO20PO70EO20, MW = 5800 g/mol), chromium nitrate, cobalt nitrate anhydrous, chlorosulphonic acid, triethylamine trihydrochloride and copper nitrate anhydrous were obtained from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany. Distilled water was utilized in all processes. The structure and molecular weight of Adogen 464 are shown in Figure 12. A pH meter (systronics μ pH-System 362) was used to monitor pH for the aqueous phase before and after extraction. An ICP-OES spectrometer (OPTIMA 5300 DV, PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) was utilized for elemental analysis. A mass balance provided the metal quantities extracted by the solvent extractor. FTIR Affinity-1S (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) was applied to detect the FTIR spectra of samples.
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4

Fabrication of Nickel-based Hybrid Electrodes

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Magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)2.6H2O, > 99%, Merck), nickel nitrate (Ni(NO3)2.6H2O, > 99%, Merck), iron nitrate (Fe(NO3)3.9H2O, > 99%, Merck), N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP; MW = 1,300,000, Sigma-Aldrich) and ethanol (99.8%, Merck), carbon black (Alfa Aesar), polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF, Kynar HSV900, Arkema), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP, > 99%, Merck), and potassium hydroxide (KOH, > 85%, chem-lab) were analytical grade and used without further purification. Deionized (DI) water (> 18.4 MΩ cm−1) from a Merck Millipore water purification system was used throughout the experiment. A flexible interconnected porous nickel foam with 1.5 mm thickness and a purity > 99% was supplied by Latech Scientific Supply Pte. Ltd. (Singapore).
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5

Synthesis of Metal-Based Compounds

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Fresh mint leaves were obtained from a local market and were washed thoroughly before use. Cobalt(ii) nitrate hexahydrate, ferrous sulphate heptahydrate, anhydrous ferric chloride, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, lead(ii) nitrate, ferrous sulphate and mercury(ii) chloride were purchased from Himedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd, India. Copper chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride and sodium chloride were purchased from Sisco Research Laboratories (SRL) Pvt. Ltd, India. Silver nitrate and cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate, manganous chloride, nickel nitrate, aluminium nitrate nonahydrate, potassium nitrate, potassium carbonate and sodium hydroxide were supplied by Merck Ltd, India. Ascorbic acid, citric acid, methionine, l-glutamic acid, l-cysteine, glycine, glucose and urea were purchased from Himedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. Solvents such as acetone, acetyl chloride, hexane, dimethyl sulfoxide were purchased from Merck Ltd, India. Methyl iodide, tetra butyl ammonium bromide and tetra ethyl acetate were supplied by SRL Pvt. Ltd, India. All the commercially available reagent grade chemicals were used as – received.
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6

Nickel-Based Electrocatalyst Synthesis

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All chemicals were of analytical grade. Nickel chloride hexahydrate (NiCl2∙6H2O, Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), nickel nitrate (Ni(NO3)2∙6H2O, Merck, Darmstadt, Alemania), nickel sulfate hexadritadate (NiSO4∙6H2O, Merck), sodium phosphinate monohydrate (NaPO2H2·H2O, Merck), polyvinyl porrolidone (C6H9NO)n, PVP, MW = 1,300,000), orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4 85%, Merck), N,N dimethylformamide (C3H7NO, DMF Merck) hexamethylenediamine (C6H16N2, Merck), 0.3 and 0.05 µm aluminas (Buehler, Uzwil, Switzerland), α-D-Glucose (C6H12O6 Sigma-Aldrich), Nafion (5.0% Aldrich), Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH, Merck), Ethanol (Analytical Grade, Merck), Acetone (Analytical Grade, Merck), ethylenediamine (Merck). For the thermal treatments, H2 and Ar (Airliquide, Paris, France) were used. All electrochemical solutions were prepared with ultrapure water (ρ = 18.2 MΩ cm) from a Millipore-MilliQ system that was used for preparing all aqueous solutions.
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7

Rambutan Fruit Synthesis and Characterization

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The Nephelium lappaceum L. was purchased from fruit market at Kanchipuram, India. Nickel nitrate [Ni (NO3)2.6H2O], ethanol along with RhB were purchased from Merck chemicals Ltd., and used as purchased. Deionised water was used for the preparation of samples.
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8

Heavy Metal Ions Removal from Wastewater

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All chemicals, lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2), Zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)2), Cadmium nitrate (Cd(NO3)2), Nickel nitrate (Ni(NO3)2), potassium permanganate (KMnO4), Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2), Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), nitric acid (HNO3), Zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4.7H2O), and potassium hydroxide (KOH) were provided by Merck company (Germany) and used without any further purification.
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9

Preparation of Ni(II) and Phenol Solutions

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Analytical grade nickel nitrate (Merck Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan, 96–97% purity) and phenol (Fluka, 99.5%) were employed to prepare the stock solutions containing 1 g L−1 of Ni(II) and phenol, respectively. These stock solutions were further diluted using deionized water to the desired single or mixed nickel and phenol concentrations. HCl and NaOH used to adjust solutions pH were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich Company.
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10

Synthesis of Nickel Nanoparticles

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Nickel nitrate (Ni(NO3)2.6H2O), oleylamine (C18H3NH2), and cyclohexane (C6H12) were acquired from Sigma Aldrich, South Korea. Methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol were supplied by Duksan Pure Chemicals Co. Ltd., South Korea and used as received. The de-ionized water used in these experiments was obtained from a PURE ROUP 30 water purification system.
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