Prior to all experiments, hamsters were anesthetized via intraperitoneal injections of 160 mg/kg ketamine and 7.5 mg/kg xylazine (Patterson Veterinary, Greeley, CO, USA, 07-890-8598 and 07-808-1947, respectively). Animals were kept warm on heating pads and remained surgically sedated throughout the experiment. Subcutaneous injections of aqueous atipamezole, 0.75 mg/kg (Patterson Veterinary, 07-867-7097), were used to wake up the animals.
Xylazine
Manufactured by Performance Health
Sourced in United States
Xylazine is a sedative and analgesic drug primarily used in veterinary medicine. It acts as an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, producing a calming effect and pain relief in animals. The core function of Xylazine is to provide sedation and analgesia in various veterinary procedures and treatments.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ketamine, by Performance Health (15 mentions)
Atipamezole, by Performance Health (2 mentions)
Heparin, by Performance Health (2 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Formic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Hplc grade acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Cd 1 mice, by Charles River Laboratories (2 mentions)
Male cd 1 mice, by Charles River Laboratories (2 mentions)
Tissue tek oct, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Sucrose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Alda 1, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
High performance liquid chromatography, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Ethanol, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Pentobarbital, by Performance Health (1 mentions)
Scopolamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 pam, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ketaved, by Performance Health (1 mentions)
Celeris system, by Diagnosys (1 mentions)
Proparacaine, by Akorn (1 mentions)
20 protocols using xylazine
1
Anesthesia and Sedation in Hamsters
2
Intraocular Pressure Measurement in Mice
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These measurements were carried out as described [22 (link)] after mice were anesthetized via intraperitoneal injection of 80 mg/kg ketamine and 15 mg/kg xylazine (Patterson Veterinary, Devens, MA, USA, 07-890-85598 and 07-808-1947, respectively) in sterile distilled water. From 4 to 7 min post injection, a validated commercial rebound tonometer (TonoLab; Colonial Medical Supply, Londonderry, NH, USA) was used to take three sets of six measurements of IOP in each eye. The tonometer was fixed horizontally for all measurements with the tip of the probe being 2–3 mm from the eye. The probe contacted the eye perpendicularly over the central cornea, and a set of measurements was accepted only if the device indicated that there was no significant variability. All the measurements were taken between 11 AM and 3 PM [22 (link)].
3
Cocaine, Ketamine, and Xylazine Administration
4
Kidney Tissue Sampling for Aging Study
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Male and female mice were randomly divided into two cohorts. One cohort was terminally sacrificed at 6 months of age (young), while the second were designated for aging. Animals designated for aging underwent survival biopsies at 14 months of age (middle age) as previously reported [20 (link)] under aseptic conditions as approved by the University of Washington Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. For terminal kidney necropsies at 6 months of age (n=9) or 20-24 months of age (aged, n=14), mice were killed with an overdose of Ketamine (JHP Pharmaceuticals LLC, Rochester, MI)/Xylazine (Patterson Veterinary, Devens, MA)as previously described [27 (link)]. Kidney tissue was butterflied and one half butterfly was placed into 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA, Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) in PBS for 45 minutes, washed briefly in PBS, placed in 30% sucrose (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO) in PBS overnight, blotted dry, embedded in Tissue-Tek® O.C.T. Compound (VWR, Radnor, PA), and frozen in a 100% ethanol/dry ice bath. The second half of the butterflies were placed into 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF) (Globe Scientific, Mahwah, NJ) overnight at 4°C, transferred to 70% ethanol, and embedded in paraffin.
5
Alda-1 Synthesis and Purification
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Alda-1 [N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-2,6-dichlorobenzamide] (Item# 21555) was purchased from Cayman Chemical Company (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Ketamine hydrochloride (ketamine) was obtained from Packager Mylan Institutional LLC, Rockford, IL, USA and xylazine was from Patterson Veterinary, Geeley, CO, USA. All other chemicals and reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) unless stated otherwise.
6
Cocaine and Ketamine/Xylazine Preparation
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Cocaine-HCl (NIDA Drug Supply Program) was dissolved in sterile saline (0.9% NaCl). Ketamine-HCl and xylazine (Patterson Veterinary) were mixed fresh in sterile saline (0.9% NaCl).
7
Steroid Quantification Assay
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Progesterone-d9 and testosterone-d3 were purchased from Ceriliant (Round Rock, TX, USA). Formic acid was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Ketamine, xylazine, and heparin were purchased from Patterson Veterinary (Saint Paul, MN, USA). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade acetonitrile, methanol, and acetic acid were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA).
8
Terminal Nerve Tissue Resection
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Approval for all animals used in this study
was obtained from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
(IACUC) at Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU). Male CD-1
mice weighing 22–24 g were purchased from Charles River Laboratories
(Wilmington, MA). Prior to surgery, mice were anesthetized with an
intraperitoneal (ip) injection of a mixture of 100 mg/kg ketamine
and 10 mg/kg xylazine (Patterson Veterinary, Devens, MA). All surgeries
were terminal, and exposed nerve tissues were resected for further
analysis by fluorescence microscopy.
was obtained from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
(IACUC) at Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU). Male CD-1
mice weighing 22–24 g were purchased from Charles River Laboratories
(Wilmington, MA). Prior to surgery, mice were anesthetized with an
intraperitoneal (ip) injection of a mixture of 100 mg/kg ketamine
and 10 mg/kg xylazine (Patterson Veterinary, Devens, MA). All surgeries
were terminal, and exposed nerve tissues were resected for further
analysis by fluorescence microscopy.
9
GHB Quantification in Biological Samples
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GHB (sodium salt) was obtained from the NIDA Drug Supply Program. Formic acid was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ). Deuterated GHB (GHB-d6) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Ketamine, xylazine, and heparin were purchased from Patterson Veterinary (Saint Paul, MN). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade acetonitrile, methanol, and acetic acid were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ).
10
In Vivo Mouse Surgical Procedures
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