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12 protocols using nicolet 380 ft ir spectrophotometer

1

Comprehensive Membrane Characterization Protocol

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The composition of the membrane surface was tested using the attenuated total reflection. Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analyses were performed using a Nicolet 380 FTIR spectrophotometer coupled with Smart Orbit diamond ATR accessory (Thermo Electron Corp., Waltham, MA, USA).
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) (Hitachi SU8000, Tokyo, Japan) and an Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) (multi-mode 8 AFM, Brucker, Santa Barbara, CA, USA) were used to study the membrane morphology.
The membrane hydrophobicity was determined by water contact angle (WCA). The sessile drop method using the Contact Angle System OCA (Data Physics, Filderstadt, Germany) apparatus was used for the WCA measurements. The measurements were performed for each type of studied membranes, repeated five times across the surface of the sample and the mean value of WCA was determined.
Diameters of membrane pores were measured via a mercury porosimetry technique using Autopore III (Micrometrics GmbH, Aachen, Germany).
Distillate conductivity was measured with a 6P Ultrameter (Myron L Company, Carlsbad, CA, USA).
The oil content in the solutions was examined by infrared method using an oil analyzer OCMA 500 manufactured by Horiba (Kyoto, Japan).
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2

Spectroscopic Characterization of Organic Compounds

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Optical rotation was measured using an auto digital polarimeter, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra were recorded using Nicolet 380 FT-IR spectrophotometer (Thermo Electron Corporation). Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR) spectra were obtained using Varian Gemini 300 (300, 75 MHz) and Bruker Avance 500 (500, 125 MHz) using tetramethylsilane as internal standard. Low-resolution mass spectrometry profiles were obtained using a JEOL the MStation JMS-700. Chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed using a Jasco LC-1500 Series HPLC system. Toluene (CaH2), tetrahydrofuran (THF) (Na, benzophenone), and CH2Cl2 (CaH2) reaction solvents were purified before use. The reagents used in this study were obtained from Aldrich, Acros, Alfa, Sigma, Merck, Fluka, TCI, and Lancaster, and purified or dried using a known method when necessary. Merck’s silica gel 60 (230–400 mesh) was used as the stationary phase in column chromatography.
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3

Structural, Vibrational, and Optical Characterization

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The structural information was collected using a PANalytical/X Pert powder X-ray diffractometer. The vibrational modes were examined using a Thermo Nicolet 380 FTIR spectrophotometer. The optical properties were analyzed using an Ocean optics HR2000 spectrometer. The morphology of the samples was characterized using a Carl Zeiss EVO-18 scanning electron microscope. The surface area was analyzed using a Quantachrome Nova 2200e surface area and pore size analyzer.
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4

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Compounds

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All reagents used in this work were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sant Louis, MO, USA). Melting points were measured on an Electrothermal 9200 apparatus (Cole-Parmer, Staffordshire, UK) and are uncorrected. 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 19F NMR spectra were recorded in solutions (DMSO-d6) on a Varian 400 spectrometer (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Elemental analysis was carried out on a vario MICRO cube elemental Analyzer Elementar, (Langenselbold, Germany). FTIR spectra were recorded with a Nicolet 380 FT-IR spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) in the region of 4000–400 cm−1 using the KBr discs method. HR-ESI-MS spectra were recorded on a BrukermicrOTOF-Q II (Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA) with electrospray ionization (ESI). Analytical thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was carried out on silica gel 60 F254 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), and various developing systems were applied. Compounds were detected with 254 nm UV light (Lamp UV Consort 2 × 15 W, 254 NM, VL215-C). Column chromatography was performed on silica gel (Kiselgel 60, 230–400 mesh Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) with acetone/n-hexane 1:2 (v/v).
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5

Characterization of Polystyrene Microspheres

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Polystyrene microspheres (60 μm) were purchased from Wuxi Zhiyi Microsphere Technology Co., Ltd. Lead nitrate solution (1 g L−1) was got from Tanmo quality inspection national standard material centre. Chitosan (deacetylation degree 90%, 100–200 MPa s) was bought from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. Mixed strong cation (MCX) SPE column (60 μm, 60 mg/3 mL) was purchased from waters, USA. All the other reagents were of analytic grade and obtained from Nanjing Wanqing Chemical Glass Ware & Instrument Co., Ltd or Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.
Elemental analyses were carried out on a Elemantar Vario EL cube. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were conducted on a Malvern Panalytical X'Pert3 Powder diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation, scanning from 5° to 90°. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) were obtained by a Zeiss Sigma 300 scanning electron microscope. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were recorded in KBr disk using a Thermo Nicolet 380 FT-IR spectrophotometer. Thermal analysis curves were gained from TA_SDT650 thermal analyzer with a heating rate of 10 °C min−1 under N2 flow. Atomic absorption spectroscopy were performed on a PinAAcle 900Z graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
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6

Characterization of Phytochemical Compounds

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Melting points were measured using a XT-4 micro melting point apparatus (Beijing, China). Optical rotations were determined at 25 °C on a JASCO (Tokyo, Japan) P2000 polarimeter. UV data were measured using a Shimadzu UV-2550 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). IR spectra were recorded on a Nicolet 380 FT-IR spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Avance III 500 spectrometer (Bruker, Bremen, Germany), using TMS as internal standard, Chemical shifts are reported as δ values and the coupling constants (J) are in Hz. HRESIMS data were obtained on a Agilent 6210 TOF-MS mass spectrometer; HPLC (Amersham Biosciences, GE Healthcare Life Science, Santa Clara, CA, USA), Waters 1525 semi-preparative HPLC system (Waters Co. Ltd., Milford, MA, USA) coupled with a Waters 2996 photodiode array detector. A Kromasil C18 preparative HPLC column (250 × 10 mm, 5 μm) was used; Column chromatography was carried out on silica gel (Qing Dao Hai Yang Chemical Group Co., Qingdao, China; 200–300 mesh) and Sephadex LH-20 (Amersham Biosciences). TLC analyses were carried out on silica gel 60 F254 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and RP-18 F254s (Merck) plates. Compounds were detected by UV and 30% H2SO4 spraying reagent followed by heating at 105 °C for 1–2 min.
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7

FT-IR Spectroscopy with CaF2 Cell

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All
FT-IR spectra were recorded in a CaF2 cell and a Nicolet
380 FT-IR spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific).
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8

FT-IR Analysis of DR Polysaccharides

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DR
polysaccharides (2 mg) were ground with dried KBr powder (100 mg)
and then pressed into tablets. The FT-IR spectra of DR polysaccharides
were scanned using Nicolet 380 FT–IR spectrophotometer (Nicolet,
Thermo Scientific, USA) with a scan range from 4000 to 400 cm–1.
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9

Characterization of Organic Compounds

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The organic reagents used were pure commercial products from Aladdin. The solvents were purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Reagents Co. Anhydrous CH2Cl2 was distilled prior to use. The 300–400 mesh silica gels was purchased from Qingdao Hailang Chemical Reagents Co. 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker Avance 300, Avance 400, or Avance 600 spectrometer. The FTIR spectra were obtained from Nicolet 380 FTIR spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Nicolet, USA) with a resolution of 4 cm−1 from 400 cm−1 to 4000 cm−1. UV-vis spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific Evolution 201, USA) used had a double-beam light source from 190 nm to 1100 nm. Mass spectral analysis was conducted using Varian 1200 LC/MS.
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10

Spectroscopic Characterization of Organic Compounds

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The organic reagents used were pure commercial products from Aladdin. The solvents were purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Reagents Co. The 300–400 mesh silica gels were purchased from Qingdao Hailang Chemical Reagents Co. 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Avance III 600 MHz, CDCl3 and CD3OD were used as the solvents, tetramathylsilane as the internal standard. The FTIR spectra were obtained from a Nicolet 380 FTIR spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Nicolet, USA) with a resolution of 4 cm−1 from 400 cm−1 to 4000 cm−1. The ultraviolet (UV)–vis spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific Evolution 201, USA) used had a double-beam light source from 190to 1100 nm. Mass spectral analysis was conducted using a Varian 1200 LC/MS.
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