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4 protocols using iron chloride tetrahydrate

1

Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Nanoparticles

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Oleic acid (90%) and iron chloride tetrahydrate (98%) were purchased from Alpha Aesar. 1-Pentanol (≥99%), cetrimonium bromide (CTAB, 98%), chloroform (99.4%), dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA, 90%), ethanol (99.8%), iron nitrate nonahydrate (≥98%), n-hexane (≥97%), sodium hydroxide (98%), toluene (99.7%), and triethylamine (TEA, >99.5%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, ≥99.5%) was purchased from Sigma. Poloxamer 188 (P188) and sodium hydroxide (1 mol L−1) were purchased from Panreac. 2-[Methoxy(polyethyleneoxy)6–9propyl] trimethoxysilane (PEGTMS, 90%) was purchased from ABCR GmBH. Stearic acid (SA, 97%) was purchased from Acros Organics.
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2

Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

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Oleic acid (90%) and iron chloride tetrahydrate (98%) were purchased from Alpha Aesar. 1-pentanol (≥ 99%), ethanol (99.8%), iron nitrate nonahydrate (≥ 98%), n-hexane (≥ 97%), silver nitrate (> 99%), sodium hydroxide (98%), and toluene (99.7%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, ≥ 99.5%) wash purchased from Sigma.
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3

Synthesis and Stabilization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

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Iron oxide NPs were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation as described by Soares et al. [33 (link)]. Iron chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2·4H2O, 2.5 mmol, Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, MA, USA) and iron chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O, 5 mmol, Alfa Aesar) were mixed in ultrapure water (Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA) followed by the addition of an ammonium solution (NH4OH at 25%, 10 mL, Panreac, Chicago IL, USA) to precipitate the IONPs in the absence of oxygen, by bubbling N2.
Iron content in iron oxide nanoparticles was determined using the 1,10-phenanthroline colorimetric method [43 (link)] to calculate the amount of dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA, Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium, 98%) and oleic acid (OA, Fisher Chemical, Fair Lawn, NJ, USA) to add to the magnetic nanoparticles. The mixture reacted for 3 h in an ultrasound bath. After the reaction, the stabilized NPs were subjected to dialysis in a 4 RC Dialysis Membrane Tubing 12 to 14 kDa MWCO (SpectrumTM Spectra/PorTM) to remove the excess surfactant.
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4

Biodegradable PCL Microcapsules Synthesis

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2-Aminoethanol, polycaprolactone (PCL, Mw = 80,000), hydrogen chloride, methanol, and ethanol were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA, Mw = 31,000–50,000), pyrene-1-carboxaldehyde, iron chloride hexahydrate, and iron chloride tetrahydrate were obtained from Alfa Aesar. Dichloromethane (DCM), acetonitrile and sodium hydroxide were purchased from J.T Baker, ECHO, and Showa, respectively. PCL was used as the microcapsule matrix material because of its good biodegradability and biocompatibility and because it can be decomposed into CO2 and H2O and then metabolized or absorbed by the organisms. The tap water was collected in our laboratory and was tested without further pretreatment.
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