Aniline (C6H5NH2), sodium phytate (C6H17NaO24P6), ammonium persulphate ((NH4)2S2O8 and chitosan flakes were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MI, USA) and acetic acid was purchased from Arcos organics (4823 Newton Dr, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass (13 Ω/sq) was obtained from Solaronix, Aubonne, Switzerland. All chemicals used in this research project were of analytical quality and used without further purification except Aniline. Aniline was freshly double-distilled to remove any type of impurities. After double distillation, the aniline was kept in the refrigerator for further use. All the samples were prepared on Pyrex glass wares. Deionized (DI) water was used in all this study for sample synthesis and washing purposes.
Chitosan flakes
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
Chitosan flakes are a natural, biodegradable material derived from the exoskeletons of crustaceans. They are used as a versatile laboratory reagent due to their unique physical and chemical properties.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
3 protocols using chitosan flakes
1
Fabrication of Aniline-Based Hybrid Materials
2
Chitosan-Silver Nanocomposite Scaffold
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Chitosan flakes (molecular weight 50,000–190,000 Da based on viscosity, 75–85% deacetylated), silver nitrate and acetic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Steinheim, Germany. Solutions were prepared with MilliQ water. Poly-L-lactic acid films of 50 µm thick were purchased from Goodfellow Cambridge Ltd, Huntingdon, UK and were cut in square shapes of 5 × 5 cm size.
Culture media and solutions: Alpha Minimum Essential Medium (α MEM, with ribonucleosides, deoxyribonucleosides, 2 mMl -glutamine and 1 mM sodium pyruvate, without ascorbic acid GIBCO, Custom Product, Catalog No. A1049001); Bovine fetal serum (BFS); Penicillin/Streptomycin/Neomycin solution (P/S/N) for cell culture; Phosphate Buffered saline (PBS) for cell culture; 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), solution in PBS (5 mg/mL) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Steinheim, Germany.
Cells: Preosteoblasts of MC3T3-E1 line, subclone 4 (passage 21) (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Steinheim, Germany) were thawed and multiplied in culture flasks with a surface of 75 cm2, in culture media α MEM, without ascorbic acid, supplemented with 10% BFS and 1% mixture of antibiotic. The initial density of cells culture was 2000 cells/cm2 culture surface.
Culture media and solutions: Alpha Minimum Essential Medium (α MEM, with ribonucleosides, deoxyribonucleosides, 2 mM
Cells: Preosteoblasts of MC3T3-E1 line, subclone 4 (passage 21) (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Steinheim, Germany) were thawed and multiplied in culture flasks with a surface of 75 cm2, in culture media α MEM, without ascorbic acid, supplemented with 10% BFS and 1% mixture of antibiotic. The initial density of cells culture was 2000 cells/cm2 culture surface.
3
Chitosan Electrodeposition on Gold Electrodes
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A chitosan solution (∼1.5%
w/w) was prepared by adding chitosan flakes (from crab shells, 85%
deacetylation, Sigma–Aldrich) to water and slowly stirring
in 1 M HCl to dissolve the chitosan (final pH 5.5). After overnight
mixing, the solution was vacuum-filtered through a porous glass filter
(∼40 μm pore size) to remove undissolved particles. Chitosan
solution (1% w/w) was prepared by diluting the 1.5% chitosan solution
with deionized (DI) water and filtering it through a 5 μm syringe
filter. The gold working electrode (2 mm diameter; CH Instruments,
Austin, TX) was first cleaned with piranha solution (H2SO4/H2O2, 7:3 v/v) for 15 min and
washed thoroughly with DI water, followed by drying under N2 stream. The clean electrode was immersed in chitosan solution (1%
chitosan, pH 5.5) and connected to the power source (2400 Sourcemeter,
Keithley) with alligator clips, and the gold electrode was biased
to serve as the cathode (4 A/m2, 45 s) while a platinum
wire served as the counter electrode. After electrodeposition, the
chitosan-coated electrode was removed from the deposition solution
and rinsed with DI water. After drying, these films were observed
to be approximately 200 nm thick.
w/w) was prepared by adding chitosan flakes (from crab shells, 85%
deacetylation, Sigma–Aldrich) to water and slowly stirring
in 1 M HCl to dissolve the chitosan (final pH 5.5). After overnight
mixing, the solution was vacuum-filtered through a porous glass filter
(∼40 μm pore size) to remove undissolved particles. Chitosan
solution (1% w/w) was prepared by diluting the 1.5% chitosan solution
with deionized (DI) water and filtering it through a 5 μm syringe
filter. The gold working electrode (2 mm diameter; CH Instruments,
Austin, TX) was first cleaned with piranha solution (H2SO4/H2O2, 7:3 v/v) for 15 min and
washed thoroughly with DI water, followed by drying under N2 stream. The clean electrode was immersed in chitosan solution (1%
chitosan, pH 5.5) and connected to the power source (2400 Sourcemeter,
Keithley) with alligator clips, and the gold electrode was biased
to serve as the cathode (4 A/m2, 45 s) while a platinum
wire served as the counter electrode. After electrodeposition, the
chitosan-coated electrode was removed from the deposition solution
and rinsed with DI water. After drying, these films were observed
to be approximately 200 nm thick.
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