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10 protocols using criterion stain free 4 20 sds page gels

1

Western Blot Analysis of Serum Proteins

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Equal volumes of serum from randomly chosen samples were heated with sample buffer (3.2% SDS, 32% glycerol, 0.16% bromophenol blue, 100 mM Tris–HCl, pH 6.8, 8% 2-mercaptoethanol). They were then electrophoresed on Criterion Stain-free 4–20% SDS-PAGE gels (Bio-Rad) and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes at 100 V for 30 min. The membranes were blocked with PBS containing 5% nonfat dry milk and probed separately with each of the antibodies: anti-CKM (mouse monoclonal, 1:1,000, Santa Cruz, sc-365046), anti-COMP (mouse monoclonal, 1:1,000, Santa Cruz, sc374660), anti-EFEMP1 (mouse monoclonal, 1:1,000, Santa Cruz, sc-33722, 1:1,000), anti-FBLN1 (mouse monoclonal, 1:1,000, Santa Cruz, sc25281), anti-GSN (mouse monoclonal, 1:1,000, Abcam, ab11081), anti-PROS1 (rabbit monoclonal, 1:1,000, Santa Cruz, sc-52720). The membranes were washed three times in PBS containing 0.1% Tween 20 and incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies for 2 h at room temperature. Signals were detected using enhanced chemiluminescence and Gel Doc System (Bio-Rad). The blots were stripped and probed for the housekeeper protein transferrin. The signal intensity was quantified using Image Lab (Bio-Rad) and NIH ImageJ software (v1.45s).
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2

Quantitative Analysis of Neuronal Proteins

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Protein lysates (10 µg) were heated with sample buffer (3.2% SDS, 32% glycerol, 0.16% bromophenol blue, 100 mM Tris–HCl, pH 6.8, 8% 2-mercaptoethanol). They were then electrophoresed on Criterion Stain-free 4–20% SDS-PAGE gels (Bio-Rad) and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes at 100 V for 30 min. The membranes were blocked with TBS containing 5% nonfat dry milk and probed with α-synuclein antibody (1:1000, BD Biosciences, 610,787), NFL antibody (1:2000, Cell Signaling, 2835S) or acrolein antibody (1:1000, NOVUS, NB200-556) overnight at 4 °C. They were then washed three times in TBS containing 0.1% Tween 20 and incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody for 2 h at room temperature. Signals were detected using enhanced chemiluminescence and Gel Doc System (Bio-Rad). The blots were stripped and probed for housekeeper proteins tubulin or GAPDH. The signal intensity was quantified using Image Lab (Bio-Rad) and NIH ImageJ software (v1.45 s). ELISA of α-synuclein (Legend Max Cat no: 844101) was carried out following the manufacturer’s protocol. ELISA of neurofilament light (Novus Cat no: NBP2-81,184) was carried out following the manufacturer’s protocol.
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3

Western Blot Analysis of C3 and Acrolein

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Serum (equal volumes) or protein lysates (10 µg) were heated with sample buffer (3.2% SDS, 32% glycerol, 0.16% bromophenol blue, 100 mM Tris-HCl, pH 6.8, 8% 2-mercaptoethanol). They were then electrophoresed on Criterion Stain-free 4–20% SDS-PAGE gels (Bio-Rad) and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes at 100 volts for 30 min. The membranes were blocked with TBS containing 5% nonfat dry milk and probed with anti-C3 antibody (Santa Cruz, sc-28294, 1:1,000) or anti-acrolein antibody (NOVUS, NB200–556, 1:1,000) overnight at 4 °C. They were then washed three times in TBS containing 0.1% Tween 20 and incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody for 2 h at room temperature. Signals were detected using enhanced chemiluminescence and Gel Doc System (Bio-Rad). The blots were stripped and probed for housekeeper proteins transferrin (serum) or β-actin (tissue lysate). The signal intensity was quantified using Image Lab (Bio-Rad) and NIH ImageJ software (v1.45 s).
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4

Western Blotting Procedure for TDP-43 Detection

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Western blotting was carried out as previously described (Phan et al., 2020 (link)). Protein lysates (10 μg) were heated with sample buffer (3.2% SDS, 32% glycerol, 0.16% bromophenol blue, 100 mM Tris–HCl, pH 6.8, 8% 2-mercaptoethanol). They were then electrophoresed on Criterion Stain-free 4–20% SDS-PAGE gels (Bio-Rad) and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes at 100 volts for 30 min. The membranes were blocked with TBS containing 5% nonfat dry milk and probed overnight at 4°C with TDP-43 antibody (Proteintech, 10,782-2-AP, 1:2,000) and β-actin (Abcam, ab6276, 1:10,000). They were then washed three times in TBS containing 0.1% Tween 20 and incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies for 2 h at room temperature. Signals were detected using enhanced chemiluminescence and Gel Doc System (Bio-Rad).
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5

Quantifying Alzheimer's Protein Biomarkers

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Protein extracts (10 µg) were heated with sample buffer (3.2% SDS, 32% glycerol, 0.16% bromophenol blue, 100 mM Tris–HCl, pH 6.8, 8% 2-mercaptoethanol). They were then electrophoresed on Criterion Stain-free 4–20% SDS–PAGE gels (Bio-Rad) and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes at 100 V for 30 min. The membranes were blocked with TBS containing 5% nonfat dry milk and probed overnight at 4°C with the following antibodies: Amyloid Precursor Protein (Sigma-Aldrich, A8717, 1:1000), Presenilin 1 (Santa Cruz, sc-365450, 1:1000) and β-actin (Abcam, ab6276, 1:10 000). They were then washed three times in TBS containing 0.1% Tween 20 and incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies for 2 h at room temperature. Signals were detected using enhanced chemiluminescence and Gel Doc System (Bio-Rad). The signal intensity was quantified using Image Lab (Bio-Rad) and NIH ImageJ software (v1.45s). ELISA of amyloid-β40 (KMB3481, Thermo Fisher Scientific Australia) and amyloid-β42 (KMB3441, Thermo Fisher Scientific Australia) were carried out following the manufacturer’s protocol.
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6

Western Blot Analysis of CDH4 and α-Synuclein

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Protein lysates (10μg for tissue, 20μg for cells) were heated at 95°C for 5 min in sample buffer (3.2% SDS, 32% glycerol, 0.16% bromophenol blue, 100 mM Tris-HCl, pH 6.8, 8% 2-mercaptoethanol) and then electrophoresed on Criterion stain-free 4-20% SDS-PAGE gels (Bio-Rad). The gels were transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes at 90 volts for 90 min. The membranes were blocked with TBS containing 5% w/v non-fat dry milk and probed with anti-CDH4 antibody (Abcam, ab109242, 1 : 2,000) or anti-α-synuclein (BD Biosciences, #610787, 1 : 2,000) overnight at 4°C. They were then washed three times in TBS containing 0.1% Tween 20 and incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody for 2 h at room temperature. Signals were detected using enhanced chemiluminescence and Gel Doc System (Bio-Rad). The blots were stripped and probed for housekeeper protein β-actin. The signal intensity was quantified using Image Lab (Bio-Rad) and NIH ImageJ software (v1.45 s).
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7

Western Blot Analysis of α-Synuclein and NfL

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Protein lysates (15 µg) were heated with sample buffer (3.2% SDS, 32% glycerol, 0.16% bromophenol blue, 100 mM Tris-HCl, pH 6.8, 8% 2-mercaptoethanol). They were then electrophoresed on Criterion Stain-free 4-20% SDS-PAGE gels (Bio-Rad) and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes at 100 volts for 30 min. The membranes were blocked with TBS containing 5% nonfat dry milk and probed with α-synuclein antibody (1:1000, BD Biosciences, 610787) or NfL antibody (1:2000, Cell Signaling, 2835 S) overnight at 4 °C. They were then washed three times in TBS containing 0.1% Tween 20 and incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody for 2 h at room temperature. Signals were detected using enhanced chemiluminescence and Gel Doc System (Bio-Rad). The blots were stripped and probed for housekeeper proteins GAPDH or β-actin. The signal intensity was quantified using Image Lab (Bio-Rad) and NIH ImageJ software (v1.45 s). All blots were derived from the same experiment and that they were processed in parallel. ELISA of plasma α-synuclein (Legend Max #844101) was carried out following the manufacturer’s protocol.
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8

Quantitative Western Blot Analysis of LOXL3 Protein

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Serum (equal volumes) were heated with sample buffer (3.2% SDS, 32% glycerol, 0.16% bromophenol blue, 100 mM Tris-HCl, pH 6.8, 8% 2-mercaptoethanol), electrophoresed on Criterion Stain-free 4-20% SDS-PAGE gels (Bio-Rad) and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes at 100 volts for 30 min. The membranes were blocked with TBS containing 5% nonfat dry milk and probed with anti-LOXL3 antibody (mouse monoclonal, 1:1000, Santa Cruz, sc377216) overnight at 4°C. The membranes were then washed three times in TBS containing 0.1% Tween 20 and incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody for 2 h at room temperature. Protein bands were detected using enhanced chemiluminescence and Gel Doc System (Bio-Rad). The blots were stripped and probed for housekeeper proteins transferrin. The signal intensity was quantified using Image Lab (Bio-Rad) and NIH ImageJ software (v1.45s).
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9

Western Blot Protein Quantification

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Equal concentrations of TBS fraction of the protein extracts (15 μg) were heated with sample buffer (3.2% SDS, 32% glycerol, 0.16% bromophenol blue, 100 mM Tris–HCl, pH 6.8, 8% 2-mercaptoethanol w/v) and separated on Bio-Rad Criterion Stain-free 4–20% SDS-PAGE gels. The gels were activated for 1 min using Bio-Rad chemiDoc MP imaging system prior to transfer of proteins to a 0.45-μm PVDF membrane. The membranes were imaged for total protein using Bio-Rad chemiDoc MP imaging system. Subsequently, the membranes were blocked with 5% milk powder in TBST for 1 h at room temperature and incubated overnight in apoD primary antibody (Santacruz, sc-373965, 1:2000) prior to protein detection using horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (Bio-Rad) with enhanced chemiluminescence (Amersham ECL Plus Western Blot Detection System, GE Healthcare). The protein band in each gel lane was normalized to total protein using Bio-Rad image lab software.
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10

Quantitative Western Blot Analysis of Neuronal Markers

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Western blotting was carried out as previously described1 (link). Protein lysates (10 µg) were heated with sample buffer (3.2% SDS, 32% glycerol, 0.16% bromophenol blue, 100 mM Tris–HCl, pH 6.8, 8% 2-mercaptoethanol). They were then electrophoresed on Criterion Stain-free 4–20% SDS-PAGE gels (Bio-Rad) and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes at 100 V for 30 min. The membranes were blocked with TBS containing 5% nonfat dry milk and probed overnight at 4 °C with the following antibodies: ELOVL4 (Abcam, ab14925, 1:800), synaptophysin (Invitrogen, MA1-213, 1:1000), RBFOX3 (BioLegend, 834501, 1:2000), NFL (Cell Signaling, 2835S, 1:2000), α-synuclein (BD, 610787, 1:1000), and β-actin (Abcam, ab6276, 1:10,000). They were then washed three times in TBS containing 0.1% Tween 20 and incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies for 2 h at room temperature. Signals were detected using enhanced chemiluminescence and Gel Doc System (Bio-Rad). The signal intensity was quantified using Image Lab (Bio-Rad) and NIH ImageJ software (v1.45 s). ELOVL4 ELISA was carried out following the manufacturer’s protocol (Abbexa, abx387131).
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