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7 protocols using rotisolv

1

Wastewater Bioassay Extraction Protocol

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Wastewater samples (1-5 L) were collected as 24 h composite samples. Surface water samples were collected as 1 L grab samples. Aqueous samples were kept in amber glass bottles at 4 °C until testing (max. 3 d after sampling) or extracted on site directly after sampling by an optimized solid phase extraction (SPE) method (Abbas et al., in prep.) .
The procedure in brief: Prior to SPE, 500 mL of each sample were filtered through Whatman GF6 filters (pore size < 1 µm), acidified with sulfuric acid (3.5 M, picograde) to pH 2.5 and extracted using Telos C18/ENV columns (Kinesis). A SPE blank was included by applying the same procedure to an analytically pure groundwater (GW) sample. SPE columns were eluted with 5 x 2 mL methanol (Carl Roth, Rotisolv, Ultra LC-MS) and 5 x 2 mL acetone (Carl Roth, Rotisolv, GC Ultra). 100 µL dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma-Aldrich, 99.5%) was added to each extract. The methanol/acetone was evaporated under a gentle nitrogen stream. This resulted in a 5000 fold increase in solute concentration (5000x). SPE extracts were kept at -20 °C until bioassay analysis.
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2

Peptide Separation by Gradient Elution

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The solvent used for mobile phase A was water with 0.1% formic acid and the mobile phase B was acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid (both LC-MS grade, ROTISOLV®, ≥99.9%, Carl Roth). The separation of the peptides followed on the analytical column with a linear gradient with increasing concentration of mobile phase B. The initial conditions were 97% A and 3% B at a flow rate of 5 µL/min. The linear gradient used was 3–25% B in 38 min. Within the following 5 min, the mobile phase B was increased to 32% and was further increased to 80% within 2 min, lasting for 3 min. At minute 49, the mobile phases were changed to the initial condition with 97% A and 3% B within 8 min.
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3

Preparation of Polymeric Micro- and Nanoparticles

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To prepare the MP and NP, the following compounds were used: AMCA (~90%, Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany); N-ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) (≥95%, Sigma-Aldrich); acetonitrile (≥99.5%, pharmaceutical quality, Sigma-Aldrich); ethanol (≥95%, Rotipuran, Carl Roth GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany); acetone (ROTISOLV® ≥99.9%, GC Ultra Grade, Carl Roth GmbH); PLGA 50:50 (RESOMER® RG 502H, MW 7,000–17,000 g/mol, pharmaceutical quality, kindly provided by Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany); poly(ethylene glycol)-block-PLGA (PEG-PLGA) 50:50 (RESOMER® RGP d 50155, 5 kDa PEG, pharmaceutical quality, Evonik, Essen, Germany); polyvinyl alcohol (Mowiol 4–88, 31,000 g/mol, Kuraray Specialities Europe, Frankfurt, Germany); ultrapure chitosan chloride (30–400 kDa, pharmaceutical quality, Heppe Medical Chitosan, Halle, Germany); and ethyl acetate (≥99.5%, p.a., ISO, Carl Roth GmbH).
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4

Synthesis of Rare Earth-Doped Nanocrystals

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All chemicals were used as received without previous purification. From Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) were purchased: RECl3·6H2O (RE:Eu3+, Pr3+, Y3+, Yb3+, purity >99.99%) and ammonium fluoride (NH4F, ≥99.99%). From Alfa Aesar (Kandel, Germany) were purchased: RECl3·6H2O (RE: Gd3+, Nd3+, purity > 99.99%) and oleic acid (OA, 90%). From Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany) were purchased: cyclohexane (ROTISOLV® ≥ 99.9%), ethanol (≥99.8%, 1% MEK) and sodium oleate (NaOA, 90%). The solvent Therminol® 66 was bought from FRAGOL GmbH + Co KG (Mülheim, Germany).
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5

Quantification of Hydromorphone in Serum

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Hydromorphone (1 mg/mL in methanol) and internal standard (IS) hydromorphone-D3 were purchased from LGC Standards (Wesel, Germany). Water for the mobile phase (ROTISOLV®), acetonitrile, methanol, formic acid, and ammonia (30%) were purchased from Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany); all chemicals and solvents were high-performance liquid-chromatography (HPLC) grade. Deionized water for the solid-phase extraction was prepared with a Simplicity® system from Millipore (Schwalbach, Germany). Lyophilized drug-free human serum was obtained from Bio-Rad Laboratories (Feldkirchen, Germany), and each vial was reconstituted with 10 mL of LC-MS/MS grade water for use.
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6

Extraction and Analysis of Bioactive Compounds from Berries

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For evaluation of the content of bioactive compounds, the extracts were prepared by homogenizing the berries with a medium at a 1:10 ratio of plant material in a porcelain mortar and pestle. The medium consisted of 90% aqueous methanol (Rotisolv, Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany) acidified with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid (Fluka Analytical, Munich, Germany). The homogenate was stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 30 min. The sealed homogenates were stirred with a magnetic stirrer (MM 2A, Czech) for 16 h in the dark at 4 °C, and the precipitate was then removed using a water vacuum pump with a 0.22 μm membrane filter (Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany).
The berries were homogenized in 50% methanol for ascorbic acid analysis. The homogenate was centrifuged for 15 min at 4 °C at a speed of 3000 rpm (centrifuge MPW-351 R, MPW Med. instruments, Warsaw, Poland). Prior to analysis, the extracts were stored for 16 h at 4 °C in the dark.
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7

Preparation of Phosphate Buffered Saline

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Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with varying pH was prepared by mixing 1 M stock solutions (Table S1), then diluting to the final volume of 10 mL. The pH was determined with a digital pH meter (UltraBASIC, Denver Instruments, US). The 1 M stock solutions of NaCl (CELLPURE®, Carl ROTH, Germany) and NaH 2 PO 4 were prepared by dissolving each salt in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade water (ROTISOLV®, Carl ROTH, Germany). 1 M stock solutions of NaOH (Fluka, Germany) and HCl (AppliChem, Germany) were used as acquired. Saline was prepared by diluting 440 µL of 1 M NaCl stock solution with HPLC-water to a total volume of 10 mL.
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