As a cigarette is puffed and smoke passes through the filter, it deposits material (“tar”) that darkens the filter. Quantifying this darkening can quantify smoking intensity and mouth-level exposure (Kozlowski 1981 (link); O’Connor et al. 2007 (link); Strasser et al. 2006 (link)). We used a desktop scanner (Canon 9000F Mark II, Canon U.S.A., Inc., Melville, NY) to optically scan the filters, which were cut 1 cm from the end. The resulting images were calibrated using a Kodak Q-13 reference strip (Eastman Kodak, Rochester, NY), and then processed using software developed by the US Centers for Disease Control to calculate each filter’s optical density. Tests with controlled machine-smoked cigarettes and analysis of condensate collected on filter pads (Polzin et al. 2006 ) have demonstrated the validity of the method, showing that optical density assessed this way correlates 0.98 with measured nicotine delivery. Up to two butts per subject-smoking-day were scanned (selected at random if more than two were available), resulting in an average of 62.14 (47.50) butts scanned per participant. Because optical density can vary with filter properties, baseline own-brand values were regarded as non-comparable to post-randomization values, but correlated highly with those values (r=0.86, p<0.0001) and were, accordingly, included as a covariate in the analyses.
9000f mark 2
Manufactured by Canon
Sourced in United States, Japan
The Canon 9000F Mark II is a high-performance flatbed scanner designed for professional use. It features a maximum optical resolution of 9600 x 9600 dpi and can scan a variety of media, including film, slides, and documents, up to A3 in size. The scanner utilizes Canon's advanced CIS (Contact Image Sensor) technology to deliver accurate color reproduction and high-quality scans.
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Lab products found in correlation
2 protocols using 9000f mark 2
1
Optical Density Analysis of Cigarette Filters
2
Standardized Mouse Brain Irradiation
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The detailed protocol for animal irradiation and the justification for the irradiation parameters chosen are described in [31 (link),37 ]. Briefly, to anesthetize mice, intraperitoneal injection with Domitor (Orion Corporation, Espoo, Finland; 0.125 mg/kg of body weight) followed by Zoletil injection after 10 min (Valdepharm, Valdreuil, France; 20 mg/kg) into another part of mouse abdomen was used. The anesthetized animals were irradiated with a single dose of 7 Gy during three consecutive days (total dose of 21 Gy) using the ElektaAxesse clinical linear accelerator (Elekta Ltd., Crawley, UK) (E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk, Russia) or the VEPP-4 research accelerator complex (Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia). Brain tissue samples were obtained after 24 h, 48 h or 72 h after the last irradiation (6 animals/each group).
Irradiation zones included the whole mouse brain (for ElektaAxesse) or the whole mouse head (for VEPP-4), and irradiation doses were given according to the X-ray sources settings and controlled using Gafchromic EBT3 radiochrome film (Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE, USA) according to Politko et al. [37 ]. The control irradiated film was scanned with a Canon 9000f mark II (Canon, Tokyo, Japan) and quantification analysis was performed using the ImagePro6 program.
Irradiation zones included the whole mouse brain (for ElektaAxesse) or the whole mouse head (for VEPP-4), and irradiation doses were given according to the X-ray sources settings and controlled using Gafchromic EBT3 radiochrome film (Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE, USA) according to Politko et al. [37 ]. The control irradiated film was scanned with a Canon 9000f mark II (Canon, Tokyo, Japan) and quantification analysis was performed using the ImagePro6 program.
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