Elemental analyser

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United Kingdom, United States

The Elemental Analyser is a laboratory instrument designed to determine the elemental composition of a wide range of materials. It provides accurate and reliable analysis of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur content in solid, liquid, and gaseous samples.

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Lab products found in correlation

Delta 5 mass spectrometer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions) Ea irms, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Total organic carbon analyser, by Shimadzu (1 mentions) Delta 5, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Finnigan tc ea, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Conflo 4 interface, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)

6 protocols using elemental analyser

Leaf δ13C Isotopic Analysis Protocol

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At the Godwin laboratory (Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK), the dried ground leaf samples weighed (1 mg) into a tin capsule were analysed for δ¹³C using a Costech elemental analyser attached to a Thermo Delta V mass spectrometer in continuous flow mode. The mass spectrometer software measures the ¹²C/¹³C ratio. Reference standards from IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) in Vienna are also run at intervals throughout the sequence and these values are used to calibrate to the international standards for δ¹³C PDB.
The δ¹³C value was used to compute the Δ¹³C following Farquhar et al. [35 (link)];

Δ^{13} C = (\frac{δ ¹ ³ C a - δ ¹ ³ C p}{1 + δ ¹ ³ C p}) / 1000

where the δ¹³C_a is the delta value of C in the air and the δ¹³C_p is the delta value of C in the sample.

Ukozehasi C., Ober E.S, & Griffiths H. (2022). The Other Mechanisms by Which the Rht Genes Improve the Harvest Index of Wheat. Plants, 11(21), 2837.

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Determination of Leaf Carbon Isotopic Composition

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The ¹³C composition of flag leaves was analysed using an Elemental Analyser interfaced with a continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA/IRMS; Thermo Fisher Scientific). Dried, pulverized flag leaf samples (1 mg) were filled into tin capsules (5 × 9 mm, LUDI Swiss) and placed in a combustion oven using an automatic sampler. Each sample was measured against standard CO₂ calibrated with an isotope standard. The accuracy of calibration was ± 0.066‰ SD. Finally, the ¹³C composition was calculated as

δ^{13} C = [(\frac{Rsample}{Rstandard}) - 1] \times 1, 000,

where R is the ¹³C/¹²C isotope ratios of samples and standards.

Itam M., Mega R., Tadano S., Abdelrahman M., Matsunaga S., Yamasaki Y., Akashi K, & Tsujimoto H. (2020). Metabolic and physiological responses to progressive drought stress in bread wheat. Scientific Reports, 10, 17189.

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CO2 Conversion Rate Determination

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The collected products were centrifuged at 12,227 rcf for 20 min, and the organic carbon of the supernatants was analysed via a total organic carbon analyser (Shimadzu Corp., Japan). The precipitates were freeze dried, and the carbon contents were analysed via an elemental analyser (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., USA). The CO₂ conversion rate was calculated using the following equation:

V = C \times μ \times \frac{44}{12}

where V is the CO₂ conversion rate (g of CO₂/L/day), C is the total carbon content (g/L), and μ is the specific growth rate [1/day].

La Y.H., Lee K.S., Kim T.W, & Song J.Y. (2022). A bacteria-based carbon sequestration and waste recycling system. Scientific Reports, 12, 10236.

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Stable Isotope Analysis of Coral Tissues

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Analyses were performed at the Godwin laboratory for Paleoclimate Research, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Cambridge University (UK). Tissue and symbiont samples (N = 4 corals per Site) were analysed for percentage carbon and nitrogen, ¹²C/¹³C and ¹⁴N/¹⁵N using a Costech Elemental Analyser attached to a Thermo DELTA V mass spectrometer in continuous flow mode. Reference standards from IAEA in Vienna were analysed along with the samples. The dried sample/standard was carefully weighed into a tin capsule, sealed and loaded into the auto-sampler. Reference standards were run at intervals throughout the sequence and these values were used to calibrate to the international standards for ¹⁴N/¹⁵N (δ¹⁵N air) and ¹²C/¹³C (δ¹³C VPDB). Precision of analyses is +/−0.05 % for C and N, better than 0.1 % for ¹²C/¹³C and better than 0.1 % for ¹⁴N/¹⁵N.

Prada F., Franzellitti S., Caroselli E., Cohen I., Marini M., Campanelli A., Sana L., Mancuso A., Marchini C., Puglisi A., Candela M., Mass T., Tassi F., LaJeunesse T.C., Dubinsky Z., Falini G, & Goffredo S. (2023). Acclimatization of a coral-dinoflagellate mutualism at a CO2 vent. Communications Biology, 6, 66.

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Freshwater Isotopic Composition Analysis

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Fresh water samples underwent ¹⁸O/¹⁶O isotope analysis at Lancaster Environment Centre. δ¹⁸O analysis was completed by pyrolysis on a VarioPyrocubeEA and the δ¹⁸O were measured on an Isoprime100 isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) with a precision of ±0.5‰.
δ¹⁸O_c and δ¹³C_C analysis was undertaken by EA-IRMS at the Godwin Laboratory for Palaeoclimate Research, University of Cambridge. δ¹⁸O_c was measured using a Thermo Finnigan TC/EA attached to a Thermo Delta V mass spectrometer via a ConFlo 3 with an analytical precision better than 0.4‰. δ¹³C_C was analysed using a Costech Elemental Analyser attached to a Thermo Delta V mass spectrometer in continuous flow mode. The precision of analyses was better than 0.1‰.

Royles J., Young S, & Griffiths H. (2022). Stable isotope signals provide seasonal climatic markers for moss functional groups. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 289(1967), 20212470.

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Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Analysis

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To assay the relative amount of stable isotopes of carbon in our specimens, leg tissue was placed into 8 x 5 mm tin capsules, sealed and loaded into an auto-sampler. The tissue within the capsule was combusted at 600 o C with a pulse of Oxygen and the resultant CO 2 fed into a
Costech Elemental Analyser and analysed for 13 C/ 12 C with an in-line Thermo DELTA V mass spectrometer. Helium was used as a carrier gas and the gaseous products were separated by a packed gas chromatographic molecular sieve column at a temperature of 90°C and passed into the mass spectrometer via a Thermo Conflo IV interface. The mass spectrometer software is programmed to compare the area under the peak of CO 2 and the 13 C/ 12 C isotope ratio. For the analysis of oxygen isotopes, the samples were placed in silver capsules. These successively. This procedure was followed by a post hoc Tukey HSD test to identify differences between groups.

van Bergen E., Barlow H.S., Brattström O., Griffiths H., Kodandaramaiah U., Osborne C.P, & Brakefield P.M. (2016). The stable isotope ecology of mycalesine butterflies: implications for plant–insect co‐evolution. Functional Ecology., 30(12).

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