The experimental set-up consisted of a PVM lodged onto a 3D printed inclined platform (inclination angle of 25°), to replicate patient's leg elevation as in the clinical procedure. The inlet tube was connected to the PVM using a three-way stopcock. A blood substitute (30% v/v glycerol in purified water) with a fluid dynamic viscosity, μ, of 0.003 Pa × sec and density, ρ, of 1,078 kg/m3 (Pries et al., 1992 (link)) was conveyed through the vein model using a 10 mL syringe (BD Biosciences, USA). A steady flow of the blood substitute was imposed using a syringe pump (NE-1000 Programmable Single Syringe Pump, New Era Pump Systems, Inc., USA). A pressure transducer (Research Grade Blood Pressure Transducer, 230 VAC, 50 Hz, Harvard apparatus, UK) was positioned in line with the inlet tubing, and located 30 mm proximally to the PVM inlet (Figure 3 ). The pressure transducer was connected to a National Instruments I/O module (NI-DAQ, USB-6008, National Instrument, UK). The NI-DAQ system supports analog and digital inputs, and communicates with the NI-DAQ software (National Instrument, UK). A MATLAB® (The MathWorks Inc., USA) script was employed to store pressure data in an automated fashion.
Ni daq
Manufactured by National Instruments
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
NI-DAQ is a data acquisition hardware and software package developed by National Instruments. It provides a platform for collecting, analyzing, and managing data from a variety of sensors and measurement devices. The core function of NI-DAQ is to enable users to acquire, process, and record data in a reliable and efficient manner.
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Lab products found in correlation
Matlab, by MathWorks (3 mentions)
Dr 36vl, by Percival (2 mentions)
Analog multi tube vortexer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Lc4 light controller, by Trikinetics (2 mentions)
10 ml syringe, by BD (1 mentions)
Ne 1000 programmable single syringe pump, by New Era Pump Systems (1 mentions)
T cube led driver, by Thorlabs (1 mentions)
Axopatch 200b amplifier, by Molecular Devices (1 mentions)
P3 405bpm fc 2, by Thorlabs (1 mentions)
Rms10x, by Thorlabs (1 mentions)
Ti2 microscope, by Nikon (1 mentions)
Optosplit 3, by Cairn Research (1 mentions)
Trigno wireless emg system, by Delsys (1 mentions)
Matlab 2017b, by MathWorks (1 mentions)
Dmlp425, by Thorlabs (1 mentions)
Sr810 dsp, by Stanford Research Systems (1 mentions)
Dmlp505, by Thorlabs (1 mentions)
Labview, by National Instruments (1 mentions)
Usb 6341, by National Instruments (1 mentions)
Pci 6052e, by National Instruments (1 mentions)
16 protocols using ni daq
1
Evaluating Venous Flow Dynamics
2
Polarographic System for Bioenergetics
3
Fly Behavioral Monitoring System
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Activity monitors, monitor tubes, and recording arenas containing flies were placed on a shelf ~40 cm above an analog multi-tube vortexer (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA) or secured on the speaker system platform using screws (Figures S1A and S6A ). The vortexer and speaker system were placed in light- and temperature-controlled incubators (VWR International, Radnor, PA and DR-36VL, Percival Scientific, Perry, IA, respectively). For the vortexer experiments, the intensity was set to 3, and the duration and timing of the mechanical stimulation was controlled via LC4 Light Controller (Trikinetics, Waltham, MA). For the speaker system experiments, a custom MATLAB GUI was used to generate audio signals of arbitrary frequency and amplitude. The DAM activity monitors were securely fastened to an acrylic platform that was glued to the cone of a 15-in marine subwoofer (PLPW15D, Pyle Audio, Brooklyn, NY). A PC delivered audio signals to the amplifier that powered the subwoofer, driving mechanical oscillations. The MATLAB GUI also collected acceleration data from a triple axis accelerometer breakout (ADXL337, Sparkfun Electronics, Niwot, CO) mounted on a platform via a data acquisition device (NI DAQ, National Instruments, Austin, TX).
4
Optogenetic Activation of Neurons
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For optogenetic activation, we used a 625-nm Fiber-Coupled LED with 1-mm Fiber Patch cable (Thorlabs, Newton, NJ) pointed directly at the fly from below. The light penetrated the cuticle from the same location in both behavior and electrophysiology experiments, allowing direct comparison of our data sets. DN spike responses to CsChrimson stimulation were almost identical in flight and non-flight trials (Supplementary Figure 11 ). The LED was controlled by a T-cube LED driver (Thorlabs, Newton, NJ), on which the power level was manually selected. The LED was triggered via a data acquisition board (NI-DAQ, National Instruments, Austin, TX), controlled by custom written Matlab code. See Supplementary Figure 7d for light intensities used. Light pulses were 300-ms long in the experiments shown in Fig. 1 , and 50-ms long in all other experiments.
5
Fly Behavioral Monitoring System
6
Multimodal Data Acquisition for Bioimpedance Analysis
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For data acquisition, various software is used. First of all, we used iControl™ (Osypka Medical GmbH, Berlin, Germany) to acquire the bioimpedance data, the ECG data from the ICON CORE™ device, and also to collect the data from the AD637ARZ (called CCM—cardiometry current meter) (Analog Devices, Inc., Wilmington, NC, USA) that performs the second bioimpedance measurement. The NI-DAQ (National Instruments Data Acquisition Device) USB-6363 device data were acquired with a non-blocking MATLAB® implementation due to MATLAB® (The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA, USA) is also used to control the automatic guided human study. Furthermore, the signal processing and evaluation are implemented to work with the parallel computing toolbox from MATLAB®. We measured the second acquired bioimpedance signal with both systems to recognize possible temporal drift within the independent measurement systems ICON CORE™ and NI-DAQ USB-6363. This also helps to track possible missing data blocks. The recorded drift within the measurement time was below one data sample and could be ignored.
7
Cell-attached Retinal Ganglion Cell Recordings
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Patch pipettes were used to make small holes in the inner limiting membrane, and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were targeted under visual control. Spiking was recorded with a patch electrode (4–8 MΩ) that was filled with superfusate and positioned onto the surface of a targeted ganglion cell (cell-attached mode). Data were recorded and low-pass filtered at 2 kHz using Axopatch 200B amplifier (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA), and digitized at 10 kHz by NI-DAQ (PCI-MIO-16E-4, National Instruments). Two silver-chloride-coated silver wires served as the ground and were positioned at opposite edges of the recording chamber, each approximately 15 mm away from the targeted cell. The retina was continuously perfused at 4 ml/min with Ames solution (pH 7.4) at 36 °C, equilibrated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2.
8
TIRF Microscopy for Live-Cell Imaging
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Live-cell STAR image acquisition was performed with a Nikon Ti-2 microscope equipped with a motorized stage, stage-top incubator to maintain 37 °C and 5% CO2 (Tokai Hit, INUBG2SF-TIZB), ×60 1.49-NA objective, manual TIRF illuminator (Nikon, TI-LA-TIRF), 488 nm (Obis, 488-150 LS), and 647 nm (Obis, 1196627) excitation lasers, fiber coupling optics: fiber mount (Thorlabs, MBT621D), converging and directing the laser objective (Olympus, RMS10X), optical fiber (Thorlabs, P3-405BPM-FC-2), C-NSTORM QUAD 405/488/561/638 nm TIRF dichroic. Images were acquired with an Optosplit III (Cairn Research) image splitter with ET525/50 m and ET705/72 m emission filters (Chroma), and T562lpxtr-UF2 and T640lpxtr-UF2 dichroic mirrors to split the fluorescence emission onto separate regions of the ORCA-Flash 4.0 v3 scientific complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor camera (Hamamatsu). The system was coupled by a data acquisition device (NIDAQ, National Instruments, BNC-2115) and controlled using Nikon Elements software (version 5.02) and Coherent Connection software (version 3.0.0.8). Image acquisition was performed through NIS JOBS. Optosplit III was calibrated using the manufacturer protocol and the NanoGrid (Miraloma Tech, LLC, A00020).
9
Multimodal Measurement of Elbow Extension
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A Delsys Trigno Wireless EMG system (Delsys Inc., Boston, MA, USA) was used to collect sEMG activity from the triceps brachii (long, lateral, and medial heads), anconeus, biceps brachii, brachioradialis, and deltoid (anterior, middle, and posterior) muscles. The scope of this paper requires analysis of only the muscles that extend the elbow, that is, the triceps brachii and anconeus (Figure 1 ). Participants’ body hair was shaved, and skin lightly abraded with a pumice stone then cleansed with isopropyl alcohol to ensure good skin-to-electrode contact before sEMG sensor placement. Electrodes were positioned over each muscle according to European recommendations for Surface Electromyography for Non-Invasive Assessment of Muscles (SENIAM) [42 ]. Elbow extension forces were measured with a multi-axis force/torque sensor (ATI, Nano25). An xPC Target (Mathworks, MATLAB module) running Simulink Real-Time and hosting NI data acquisition (NI DAQ) boards (National Instruments, Inc., Austin, TX, USA) synchronously recorded all data at 1 kHz.
10
Customized Force Measurement System
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