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28 protocols using rabbit anti tbr2

1

Cortical Development Immunofluorescence Staining

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Perfusion, dissection, and immunofluorescence staining were conducted according to standard protocols as previously described [17 (link)]. The following are the antibodies used: mouse anti-BrdU (1:50 dilution; BD Pharmingen, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), rabbit anti-Cux1 (1:100 dilution; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), rabbit anti-Phospho-Histone H3 (1:250 dilution; Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA), rabbit anti-Pax 6 (1:500 dilution; Covance, Princeton, NJ, USA), rabbit anti-Tbr2 (1:500 dilution; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), mouse anti-Tuj1 (1:500 dilution; Covance, Princeton, NJ, USA), rabbit anti-Gli3 (1:100 dilution; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), and rabbit anti-Cleaved Caspase 3 (1:300 dilution; Cell Signaling, Madison, WI, USA).
For 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) labeling, pregnant dams were treated with 50 μg/g BrdU by intraperitoneal injection for 4 h prior to dissection at E16.5. DiI labeling was conducted by placing small crystals of the lipophilic tracer (1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine; Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA) in the neocortex to target the upper layer (2/3) and then remained in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA). After 6 weeks, brains were sectioned at 100 μm, counterstained with bisbenzimide, mounted, and imaged.
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2

Immunohistochemical Profiling of Neural Cells

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Immunohistochemical labeling of embryonic brain sections or dissociated neural cells was performed as described previously (Kim et al., 2006 (link)). The following primary antibodies were used: rabbit anti-mTOR (Cell Signaling), rabbit anti-4EBP1 (Cell Signaling), mouse anti-S6 (Cell Signaling), rabbit anti-TSC2 (Cell Signaling), rabbit anti-phospho-mTOR (Cell Signaling), rabbit anti-phospho-4EBP1 (Cell Signaling), rabbit anti-phospho-S6 (Cell Signaling), rabbit anti-phospho-S6K (Cell Signaling), rabbit anti-phospho-histone H3 (Upstate Biotech), mouse anti-BrdU (Sigma), rabbit anti-Ki67 (Covance), rabbit anti-Sox2 (Chemicon), rabbit anti-Tbr1 (Chemicon), rabbit anti-Cux1 (Santa Cruz), goat anti-Brn1 (Novus Biologicals), rabbit anti-Tbr2 (Abcam), mouse anti-Tuj1 (Sigma). Appropriate secondary antibodies conjugated with Alexa Fluor dyes (Invitrogen) were used to detect primary antibodies.
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3

Tissue Fixation and Immunohistochemistry of Mouse Brain

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Brains were fixed overnight in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) at 4°C, followed by submersion in 30% sucrose until sinking, as previously described (Silver et al. 2010 (link)). Brain cryostat sections (20 µm) were prepared and stored at −80°C until use. Sections were permeabilized with 0.25% Triton X-100 for 10 min and blocked with MOM block reagent (Vector laboratories) for 1 h at room temperature (RT). Sections were incubated with primary antibodies for 2 h at RT or overnight at 4°C. Sections were then incubated in species appropriate secondary antibodies and Hoechst for 15 min at room temperature. The following primary antibodies were used: rabbit anti-CC3 (diluted 1:200; Cell Signaling); rabbit anti-TBR2 (1:1,000; Abcam); rabbit anti-PAX6 (1:1,000; Millipore); mouse anti-TUJ1 (1:400; Covance). The following secondary antibodies were used: Alex Fluor 488 and Alex Fluor 594 (1:400; Invitrogen). Hoechst (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was used for nucleus counterstain. High-magnification images were captured using a Zeiss Axio Observer Z.1 microscope coupled with an apotome. Cortical thickness was measured with Zen software. Cell quantification was performed with ImageJ/FIJI. Three sections from anatomically comparable regions per embryo and three biological replicates from control (wild-type) and mutant alleles (Casc3RRU345/+, Casc3RRU345/RRU345, and Casc3RRU345/Null) were quantified.
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4

Antibody Staining Panel for Neural Development

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Primary antibodies used included rabbit anti-Kif2a (1: 1000, Abcam), rabbit anti-Tbr2 (1:500, Abcam), rabbit anti-Pax6 (1:200, Covance), mouse anti-beta III tubulin (TU20) (1:500, Abcam), mouse anti-nestin (1:500, Abcam), mouse anti-α tubulin (1:5000, CST), rat anti-Brdu (1:500, Abcam), rabbit and chicken anti-green fluorescent protein (1:500, GFP) (Invitrogen and Aves, respectively), rabbit anti-Ki67 (1:500, Thermo), rabbit anti-PH3 (1:300, Millipore), rabbit anti-cleaved caspase3 (1:300, Cell signaling), rabbit anti-AKT (1:500, CST), rabbit anti-p-AKT (1:500, CST), rabbit anti-β-catenin (1:200, Santa Cruz), mouse anti-GSK3β (1:200, Santa Cruz), and mouse anti-p-GSK3β (1:200, Santa Cruz). All the corresponding conjugated secondary antibodies were purchased from Invitrogen. Nuclei were stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (Roche).
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5

Immunostaining of Neural Progenitor Cells

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For immunostaining, sections were blocked in 10% Horse Serum, 0.1% Triton-X100 in PBS (PBT) at pH 7.5 for 1 h. Primary antibodies were then diluted in blocking solution and the sections were incubated overnight at 4°C. Primary antibodies included rabbit anti-Tbr1 (1:800, Chemicon; Etobicoke, ON, Canada), rabbit anti-GFP (1:500, Chemicon, Temecula, CA, USA), goat-anti-GFP (1:1000, Abcam) rabbit anti-Pax6 (1:500, Convance), goat anti-Gsx2 (1:500, Millipore), rabbit anti-Tbr2 (1:500, Abcam), rabbit anti-phospho-histone H3 (pHH3; 1:500; Millipore Biotechnology) and rat anti-BrdU (1:20, Serotec). After incubating in primary antibody, the slides were washed three times in PBT and then incubated for 1 h at room temperature in secondary antibodies. Secondary antibodies were conjugated to Alexa568 (1:500; Molecular Probes) or Alexa488 (1:500; Molecular Probes). After incubation with secondary antibodies, the slides were washed three times in PBS and then stained with DAPI (1/10,000 for 5 min) and washed an additional three times. Slides were mounted in Aqua-polymount for imaging.
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6

Comprehensive Antibody Immunostaining Protocol

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The primary antibodies used were mouse anti-GFP (Invitrogen—1:1000), rabbit anti-GFP (Abcam—1:5000), chicken anti-GFP (Millipore—1:1000), mouse anti-SatB2 (Abcam—1:400), mouse anti-βIII-tubulin (Covance—1:1000), rabbit anti-βIII-tubulin (Covance—1:1000), rabbit anti-Pax6 (Covance—1:2000), mouse anti-Pax6 (Abcam—1:250), rabbit anti-GAPDH (Sigma—1:1000), rabbit anti-Tbr2 (Abcam—1:500), rabbit anti-Erk (Santa Cruz Biotechnology—1:1000), rabbit anti-Notch1 (Abcam—1:250), rabbit anti-RFP (MBL—1:1000), mouse anti-Actin (Sigma—1:2000), mouse anti-MG-H1 (Cell Biolabs—1:50), mouse anti-GAPDH (Abcam—1:1000), rabbit anti-GLO1 (Abcam 1:500), mouse anti-puromycin (Kerafast—1:1000). The donkey anti-mouse and anti-rabbit Alexa 488, 555 and 647-conjugated secondary antibodies were obtained from ThermoFisher and used at 1:500 dilutions. HRP-conjugated goat anti-mouse, anti-rabbit or anti-chicken secondary antibodies were purchased from ThermoFisher and used at 1:5000 dilutions. NIR-conjugated goat anti-mouse and anti-rabbit secondary antibodies were acquired from LI-COR and used at 1:25,000 dilutions.
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7

Immunohistochemistry and Western Blot Antibodies

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The following primary antibodies and dilutions were used for immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and western blotting: rabbit polyclonal anti-UTX (1:1,000; Millipore, #ABE409); mouse monoclonal anti-SOX2 (1:500; R & D, #MAB2018); rabbit anti-PAX6 (1:1,000; Millipore, #AB2237); rabbit anti-TBR2 (1:1,000; Abcam, #AB23345); mouse monoclonal anti-β-ACTIN (1:20,000; Proteintech, #60008-1-Ig); rat monoclonal anti-BrdU (1:1,000; Abcam, #AB6362); rabbit monoclonal anti-Ki67 (1:1,000; Abcam, #AB15580); rabbit anti-PCNA (1:500; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, #SC7907), rabbit anti-TUJ1 (1:1,000; Sigma, #T2200); rabbit monoclonal anti-PTEN (1:1,000; Cell Signaling Technology, #9188); rabbit monoclonal anti-AKT (1:1,000; Cell Signaling, #4685); rabbit monoclonal anti-phospho-AKT (1:1,000; Cell Signaling, #3787); rabbit monoclonal anti-mTOR (1:1,000; Cell Signaling, #2983); rabbit monoclonal anti-phospho-mTOR (1:1,000; Cell Signaling, #5536); rabbit monoclonal anti-H3 (1:4,000; Cell Signaling, #4499S); rabbit polyclonal anti-trimethyl-histone H3 (Lys27) (1:2,000; Cell Signaling, #3377S); and rabbit anti-FLAG (1:1,000; Sigma, #7425).
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8

Immunostaining of Neural Cell Markers

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The primary antibodies included the following: rabbit anti-Ki67 (#15580, Abcam), mouse anti-beta III tubulin (TUJ1, #1637, Millipore), mouse anti-GFAP(#N206A/8, NeuroMab), mouse anti-NEUN (#MAB377, Millipore), chicken anti-MAP2 (#5392, Abcam), rabbit anti-PH3 (#9701, Cell Signaling), rabbit anti-TBR2 (#23345, Abcam), rabbit anti-cleaved caspase-3 (#9661, Cell Signaling), and rabbit anti-PAX6 (#PRB-278P, Covance). The secondary fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies were diluted 1:400 (donkey anti-mouse, donkey anti-rabbit, goat anti-mouse and goat anti-rabbit, goat anti-chicken (Invitrogen]). Nuclear counterstaining was performed with 4’, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) (Sigma-Aldrich, #B2261at 0.25 μg/μl). TUNEL staining was carried out using a kit purchased from Roche (#12156792910). Images were obtained using an LSM710 confocal microscope (Zeiss).
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9

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Cerebral Cortex

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Cerebral cortices were fixed in PFA overnight and sectioned coronally by Vibratome into 100 μm slices. Slices were washed in PBS and then permeated in PBST solution (0.2% Triton X-100 in PBS) for 15 min. Antigen retrieval was done with citrate buffer (100 mM citrate with 0.1% Triton X-100, pH = 6) in boiling water for 10 min. After cooling and PBS washing, slices were blocked at room temperature with 10% normal goat serum and 5% BSA in PBST solution. Primary antibodies were used with the following concentrations: mouse anti-Cntn1, 1:100 (LSBio); rabbit anti-Cntn1, 1:100 (Proteintech); mouse anti-Tuj1, 1:1000 (Convance); rabbit anti-NeuN, 1:500 (Millipore); rabbit anti-Pax6, 1:300 (BioLegend); rabbit anti-Tbr2, 1:500 (Abcam); mouse anti-RhoA, 1:100 (Santa Cruz). After incubation in primary antibody for two nights, slices were washed in PBS. Following the wash, secondary antibodies (Alexa Fluor, 1:500) were applied for 2 h at room temperature. Finally, the slices were counterstained with 0.5 μg/ml DAPI (Invitrogen) for 1 h. VECTASHIELD Mounting Media was added before sealing the slices. The slices were preserved and kept in a dark place.
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10

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Embryonic and Postnatal Mouse Brain

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Embryos were dissected, and the brains were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) for 1–3.5 hr. For postnatal stage, brains were fixed with 4%PFA overnight. Following 30% sucrose replacement, fixed brains were embedded in optimum cutting temperature (OCT) compound, and 20 micrometer slices were cut on a cryostat. The antibodies used were, rat anti-GFP (1∶500; nakalai tesk), rabbit anti-GFP (1∶200; IBL), rabbit anti-DsRed (1∶500; Invitrogen), goat anti-Unc5D (1∶100; R&D), rabbit anti-Tbr2 (1∶300; abcam), goat anti-NeuroD1 (1∶100; Santa Cruz), mouse anti-PCNA (1∶100; Cell Signaling), mouse anti-Tuj1 (1∶500; SIGMA), rabbit anti-Tbr1 (1∶100; abcam), mouse anti-RORb (1∶100; PERSEUS PROTEOMICS), rat anti-Ctip2 (1∶300; abcam), goat anti-Brn2 (1∶100; Santa Cruz), and mouse anti-Prdm8 [24] (link). Alexa Fluor-conjugated secondary antibodies (Invitrogen) were also used. EdU labeling (intraperitoneal injection of 12.5 mg/kg EdU) and staining were performed according to manufacturer's instructions (Invitrogen). Stainings were examined with Zeiss LSM 710 or Olympus IX81, and the images were finally processed with Adobe Photoshop.
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