A Metrohm Autolab PGSTAT302N electrochemical workstation (Metrohm Autolab, Utrecht, The Netherlands) with an FRA32M module for impedance measurements, all controlled by the Nova 2.02 software (Metrohm Autolab, Utrecht, The Netherlands), was used. The ionic conductivities were measured in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 1 MHz using 10 mVrms AC voltage amplitude and in the temperature range from −20 °C to 100 °C. A two-electrode set-up was used with a 2 mm diameter glassy carbon (GC) working electrode and a 70 μL Pt cup as a sample container as well as counter electrode. Both the electrodes were polished with a Kemet diamond paste 0.25 μm prior to each measurement. The cell constant was determined by using a 100 μS cm−1 KCl standard solution from Metrohm (Metrohm, Herisau, Switzerland) (Kcell = 1.486 cm−1). The cell was thermally equilibrated for 10 min before each measurement.
Pgstat302n electrochemical workstation
Manufactured by Metrohm
Sourced in Switzerland
The PGSTAT302N is an electrochemical workstation designed for a wide range of electroanalytical applications. It provides precise control and measurement of electrochemical parameters, enabling users to conduct various electrochemical techniques such as voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
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Lab products found in correlation
Ht7700 transmission electron microscope, by Hitachi (2 mentions)
Fra32m module, by Metrohm (1 mentions)
Ht7700 microscope, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Su8010, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
S 4800, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Uv 2450, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Jem 2100 transmission electron microscope, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Chi 660d electrochemical workstation, by CH Instruments (1 mentions)
Sigma 500, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Jem 2100, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Tensor 2, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Ht7700 microscope, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
11 protocols using pgstat302n electrochemical workstation
1
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Ionic Conductivity
2
Multimodal Microscopy and Electrochemical Analysis
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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were recorded from the HT7700 microscope (JEOL, Japan) operated at 100 kV. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image was obtained from the SU8010 (Hitachi, Japan) at an acceleration voltage of 5 kV. Electrochemical measurements including cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were collected from the Autolab (PGSTAT302N) electrochemical workstation (Metrohm, Switzerland). A conventional three-electrode system was adopted, with bare or modified ITO as working electrode, Ag/AgCl as the reference electrode, and platinum electrode as the counter electrode. The DPV parameters were as follows: step, 5 mV; modulation time, 0.05 s; modulation amplitude, 50 mV; interval time, 0.2 s.
3
Electrochemical Characterization of VMSF
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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were obtained at an acceleration voltage of 100 kV on a HT7700 transmission electron microscope (Hitachi, Japan). Before TEM measurement, the VMSF was gently scraped from the p-GCE surface and dispersed in ethanol by ultrasonication. Then, VMSF dispersion was dropped onto the copper grids. All electrochemical experiments including cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were conducted on an Autolab PGSTAT302N electrochemical workstation (Metrohm, Switzerland). A typical three-electrode system was adopted including bare or modified GCE as the working electrode, an Ag/AgCl electrode (saturated KCl) as the reference electrode, and a platinum wire electrode as the counter electrode. The scan rate in CV is 50 mV/s, unless particularly indicated. For DPV measurements, the step, modulation amplitude, modulation time, and interval time were 0.005 V, 0.025 V, 0.05 s, and 0.2 s, respectively.
4
Electrochemical Characterization of VMSF/ITO
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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) photographs were taken on a JEM-2100 transmission electron microscope (JEOL Co., Ltd., Japan) at a working voltage of 200 kV. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on a field emission scanning electron microscope (S-4800, Hitachi, Japan). Ultraviolet-Vis (UV-Vis) absorption spectra were recorded on a UV-Vis spectrometer (UV-2450; Shimadzu, Japan). ECL measurements were performed using a CHI 660D electrochemical workstation (CH Instrument, China) and an MPI multifunctional ECL analyzer (Xi'an Remex Analytical Instrument Ltd., China). All electrochemical measurements were performed on an Autolab PGSTAT302N electrochemical workstation (Metrohm, Switzerland). Amongst, cyclic voltammetry (CV) scanning was performed over a potential range of 0–1.4 V at a scan rate of 100 mV/s. The DPV curves were obtained using a certain step (0.005 V), modulation amplitude (0.05 V), modulation time (0.05 s), and interval time (0.2 s). The three-electrode system was used for CV and DPV experiments. VMSF modified ITO (VMSF/ITO) was used as the working electrode, an Ag/AgCl (saturated with KCl solution) was employed as the reference electrode, and a platinum wire was applied as the counter electrode.
5
Comprehensive Characterization of Electrochemical Materials
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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were captured using a transmission electron microscope (JEM-2100, JEOL, Japan). Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and energy dispersive X-ray mapping spectroscopy (EDS mapping) data were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (Sigma500, Zeiss, Germany). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data were collected on a PHI5300 electron spectrometer using 250 W, 14 kV, and Mg Kα radiation (PE Ltd., United States). All electrochemical measurements, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), were conducted on a conventional three-compartment electrochemical cell by Autolab (PGSTAT302N) electrochemical workstation (Metrohm, Switzerland), with the modified ITO electrode, an Ag/AgCl electrode, and a platinum wire electrode as the working, reference, and counter electrodes, respectively. The scan rate for CV tests was 50 mV/s. The parameters for DPV measurements included step potential (0.005 V), pulse amplitude (0.05 V), pulse time (0.05 s), and interval time (0.2 s).
6
Characterization of Black Phosphorus Nanosheets
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The as-prepared BPNSs and PLL-BPNSs composition (PLL-BP) were observed on high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM, Tecnai G2 F20, FEI Ltd., Natural Bridge Station, VA, USA) The combination comprising black phosphorus nanosheets and polylysine was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, Tensor II, Bruker Ltd., Billerica, MA, USA) All electrochemical experiments were measured on a PGST AT302N Electrochemical Workstation (Metrohm, Herisau, Switzerland). A conventional three electrode system was used, in which a saturated calomel electrode, platinum wire electrode, and bare GCE or Au/PLL-BP/GCE (diameter: 3.0 mm) were adopted as the reference electrode, counter electrode and working electrode, respectively.
7
Multimodal Surface Characterization
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X-Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data was obtained from PHI5300 electron spectrometer (PE Ltd., United States) at 250 W, 14 kV, MgK α radiation. A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image was collected from an HT7700 microscope (Hitachi, Japan) at an acceleration voltage of 100 kV. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) tests were performed on an Autolab (PGSTAT302N) electrochemical workstation (Metrohm, Switzerland) at room temperature. A routine three-electrode system was used, with Ag/AgCl (saturated with KCl) as the reference electrode, platinum electrode as the counter electrode, bare GCE, or modified GCE as the working electrode. The DPV arguments were as follows: step potential, 0.005 V; pulse time, 0.05 s; pulse amplitude, 0.05 V; interval time, 0.2 s.
8
Characterization of Vanadium-Manganese Sulfide Film
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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements were carried out using a HT7700 transmission electron microscope (Hitachi, Japan) at an acceleration voltage of 100 kV. The TEM specimen was prepared by carefully peeling off the VMSF from p-GCE surface, dispersing them in ethanol under ultrasonication before dropping onto copper grids. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were obtained on a GeminiSEM500 Scanning electron microscope (ZEISS, Germany) operated at 3.0 kV. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was taken on a PHI5300 electron spectrometer using 250 W, 14 kV, Mg Kα radiation (PE Ltd, USA). Contact angle images were recorded by using a DSA 10-MK2 contact angle system (Kruss, Germany). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements were performed on an Autolab PGSTAT302N electrochemical workstation (Metrohm, Switzerland) at room temperature, using a conventional three electrodes system with an Ag/AgCl electrode as the reference electrode, a platinum electrode as the counter electrode and a bare or modified GCE as the working electrode. The DPV parameters used were as follows: step, 0.005 V; modulation amplitude, 0.05 V; modulation time, 0.05 s; interval time, 0.2 s.
9
Electrochemical Performance of NSCxC Samples
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The electrochemical performance of NSCxC samples was tested in PGSTAT302N electrochemical workstation (Metrohm). Electrical conductivity was simultaneously measured for all samples by a four-terminal DC arrangement in the range of 200–800 °C with Ag paste as the collector. Electrochemical impedance (EIS) tests for NSCxC|GDC|NSCxC symmetric cells were carried out at a temperature interval of 650–800 °C, a frequency range of 100 kHz–0.1 Hz, and an amplitude of 10 mV in RMS mode. Single cell output performance for NSCxC|GDC|NiO-GDC single cells was examined at 650 °C-800 °C with humidified H2 (3% H2O) as the fuel gas and ambient air as the oxidizing agent.
10
Electrochemical Performance of MnO_x-PMOD Catalyst
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A three-electrode system was used in this study. A 5 mm-diameter glassy carbon (GC) controlled by a rotating ring and disk electrode (RRDE, IPS) was used as the working electrode, with a Hg/HgO reference electrode and carbon rod counter electrode. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were performed to evaluate the electrocatalytic performance. The electrode material was prepared by dispersing 2.0 mg MnOx-PMOD sample in 1 mL anhydrous ethanol and 0.5 mL 0.2% Nafion ethanol solution and then forming a slurry using an ultrasonic dispersing instrument. The electrode material slurry (20 μL) was added dropwise onto the GC working electrode using a microsyringe. The three-electrode system was installed in a customised electrolytic cell and submerged in 0.1 mol L−1 KOH solution saturated with argon for activation and then saturated with oxygen for electrochemical measurement. For chronoamperometry (CA) and polarisation curve tests, a GC piece (10 × 10 mm) was used as the working electrode. The above-mentioned formulation was used for the electrode material slurry; however, the slurry amount was changed to 200 μL, and all electrochemical tests were performed using a Metrohm Autolab PGSTAT302N electrochemical workstation without iR compensation.
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