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9 protocols using hmgb1

1

Quantifying Plasma Biomarkers in Humans and Mice

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The plasma levels of HMGB1, OPN and HA in both humans and mice were quantitated using the commercial sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent HMGB1 (MyBioSource, San Diego, CA, USA), OPN (R&D systems), and HA (R&D systems) ELISA kits following manufacturer’s instructions. The absorbance was read at 450 nm and the reading for each standard and sample subtracted the zero standard optical density (O.D.), and then the standard curve was created by reducing the data using computer software to generate a four-parameter logistic curve-fit. Except HMGB1 concentration measured in mice, which was expressed in pg/mL, all other concentrations were expressed in ng/mL.
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2

Quantifying Kidney Injury Markers and Inflammatory Mediators in Urine

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Kidney injury marker 1 in urine was determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kit (MyBioSource, San Diego, CA) according to the supplier’s protocols. Additionally, the presence of relevant proinflammatory molecules, interleukin-6 (IL-6; MyBioSource, San Diego, CA) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1; MyBioSource, San Diego, CA) in urine samples were determined as per supplier’s protocol. Briefly, debris was removed from urine samples by centrifuging for 5 min at 3000 rpm. Subsequently, 100 μL of standards and urine samples were incubated in the precoated ELISA plate for 1 h. After washing, 100 μL of biotinylated detection antibody was added to the plates and incubated for 1 h. Plates were washed and 100 μL of avidin-HRP working solution was added for 1 h. Following a final wash, substrate reagent was added to the plate and color was developed. Plates were read at 450 nm using an iMark microplate reader (BioRad, Hercules, CA). Concentrations of the target proteins in the samples were determined from the standard curve.
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3

Multiplex Biomarker Profiling in Plasma

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A panel of 26 biomarkers was measured in all plasma samples. Concentrations of HMGB-1, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17-A, nucleosomes, Reg3A, ST2, TGF-β1 and TNFα were measured using ELISA kits (all from R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, except for HMGB-1 [MyBioSource, San Diego, CA], IL-4 [Abcam, Cambridge, UK] and nucleosomes [Roche, Indianapolis, IN]), and concentrations of CD40L, gp130, IFN-γ, IL-2Rα, IL-6Rα, IL-15, IL-22, IL-23, E-selectin, syndecan-1, thrombomodulin and TNFRI were measured using customized, magnetic bead-based, multi- or monoplex assays (R&D Systems). The magnetic beads were analysed on a Luminex LX-200 instrument (R&D Systems).
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4

Multiplex ELISA Cytotoxicity Assay

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Mouse TNF-α, IL-6, MIP-2, KC (Biolegend), Fibrinogen (Innovative Research), and HMGB1 (MyBiosource) specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. LDH cytotoxicity assay was performed using an LDH kit (Clontech) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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5

Quantifying Plasma Biomarkers in Samples

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Following the manufacturer’s instruction, the plasma levels of hyaluronic acid
(HA), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and osteopontin were measured using HA
(R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN), HMGB1 (MyBioSource, San Diego, CA),
osteopontin (R&D Systems), and ELISA kits, respectively.
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6

Plasma Biomarker Measurement Protocol

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Blood samples were centrifuged at 2500×g for 15 min, and plasma was collected for the measurements of blood urea nitrogen (ARBOR Assays), creatinine (ARBOR Assays), KIM-1 (R&D Systems), NGAL (R&D Systems), IL-6 (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and HMGB-1(MyBioSource, Inc.)
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7

Spinal Protein Extraction and Analysis

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Spinal proteins were collected and purified with a protein extraction kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions (KC-415, KangChen, Shanghai, China). After electrophoresis and transfer, the proteins were incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies against HMGB1 (MyBioSource, CA, USA) and TLR3 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA). GAPDH (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) was used as the control. The protein bands were visualized with an ECL kit (Biyuntian, Beijing, China) and quantified using the Quantity One software (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Milan, Italy).
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8

Quantitative Analysis of Inflammatory Mediators

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Quantitative analysis of inflammatory mediators HMGB1, SDC-1, and C3a in serum samples was performed using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. The ELISA kits of HMGB1 (IBL International, Cat# 30164033), SDC-1 (Cloud-Clone Corporation, Cat# SEB966Po), and C3a (MyBioSource, Cat# MBS2509360) were used for measuring HMGB1, SDC-1, and C3a, respectively.
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9

Characterizing Cytokine Secretion in Cancer Immunotherapy

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The concentration of cytokines secreted by R2016-treated tumor cells was measured using commercial ELISA kits for TGF-β1, IL-10, (eBioscience) and HMGB1 (MyBioSource, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). To define the R2016-treated cultured-DC character, secretion of IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-10, 1L-6, and TGF-β1 was measured by ELISA kit (eBioscience).
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