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51 protocols using collagen type 1

1

Culturing Human Neonatal and Juvenile Dermal Lymphatic Endothelial Cells

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Single donor human neonatal dermal lymphatic microvascular endothelial cells (ndLECs) were obtained from Lonza (Visp, Switzerland, catalogue #CC-2812; HMVEC-dLyNeo) and cultured in complete EBM-2 medium consisting of EBM-2 basal Medium (CC-3156, Lonza) supplemented with EGM-2 MV Single QuotsTM (CC-4147, Lonza). Cell culture dishes were pre-coated with 10μg/ml collagen type 1 (Advanced Biomatrix) and 10μg/ml fibronectin (Merck Millipore) in PBS.
Juvenile skin LECs (jdLECs) from the foreskin of a single male donor (Lot Nr. 431Z006.2) were obtained from Promocell (Heidelberg, Germany, # C-12216) and cultured in complete EBM-2 (CC-3156, Lonza) supplemented with EGMTM-2 SingleQuotsTM (CC-4176, Lonza), without VEGF-A (CC-4176, Lonza), additionally supplemented with (3%) FBS for a final concentration of 5% FBS (Gibco), as used for ndLECs. Cell culture dishes were pre-coated with 10μg/ml collagen type 1 (Advanced Biomatrix, San Diego, CA, USA) and 10μg/ml fibronectin (Merck Millipore) in PBS.
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2

Keratinocyte Differentiation of Human iPSCs

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Human iPSCs from RTHα patients P1 and P4 and control subjects, generated as described previously (9 (link)), were differentiated into keratinocytes using RA and BMP4 (10 (link)). Briefly, hiPSCs were seeded on dishes coated with Geltrex hESC-qualified Reduced Growth Factor Basement Membrane Matrix (Gibco) and collagen type I, 3 mg/mL solution (Advanced BioMatrix) and grown in N2B27 medium. N2B27 medium was obtained by combining DMEM/F12 and Neurobasal medium (Gibco) in a 1:1 ratio and supplemented with 0.1 mM nonessential amino acids, 1 mM glutamine, 55 μM 2-mercaptoethanol, N2 supplement (100 × ; Life Technologies), B27 supplement (50 × ; Life Technologies), 50 μg/mL ascorbic acid, 0.05% BSA, 50 U/mL penicillin/streptomycin, 100 ng/mL basic FGF (Life Technologies), and 10 μM Y27632 (Sigma-Aldrich). After 1 day, hiPSC colonies were seeded in DKSFM (Gibco) supplemented with DKSFM and 50 U/mL penicillin/streptomycin, containing 25 ng/mL of BMP4 (R&D systems) and 1 μM RA (Sigma Aldrich). On day 14 of differentiation, cells were plated on coated dishes generated by combining collagen type IV powder (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.25% glacial acetic acid, and collagen type I (Advanced BioMatrix) and grown in keratinocyte medium (11 (link)).
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Neurosphere Migration in Collagen Matrices

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1 x 104 cells were cultured in Neurobasal Medium A supplemented with B27, 0.5 mM L-glutamine, 20 ng/mL hEGF (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), 20 ng/mL bFGF (Sigma-Aldrich) in ultra-low adherent 24-well plates (Corning Life Sciences, Corning, NY) for 24 h to allow formation of neurospheres [35 ]. Neurospheres of 75-150 um were resuspended in type I collagen (2.17 mg/mL)/DMEM + 10% FBS and appropriate treatments and plated in a 96-well plate pre-coated with type I collagen (Advanced BioMatrix, San Diego, CA). Neurospheres were imaged immediately (Time 0) with an Olympus CKX41 fitted with a Qicam Fast 1394 camera and then again at 15 and 24 h. Absolute maximal radius of each neurosphere was measured using ImageJ software and this distance was used to determine the relative change in radius. Three independent experiments were performed.
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Polyacrylamide Gels for Cell Substrates

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Polyacrylamide gels (PAA) of different stiffness were prepared by cross-linking 40% poly-acrylamide and 2% bis-acrylamide solution, as described.19 (link) Protocols for substrate preparation and modulus values were adopted from a published work.20 Briefly, the gels were prepared between two glass coverslips, one coated with 3-APTMS (Sigma) and the other with octadecyl-trichlorosilane (Sigma-Aldrich). After gelation, the non-adherent plate was removed. The gel was coated with type I collagen (50 μg ml–1) (Advanced Biomatrix) using sulfo-SANPAH based conjugation at 4 °C overnight.5 (link) The control glass coverslips were also coated with Type 1 collagen. Throughout our experiments, the gel thickness was controlled by controlling the volume of gel solution placed between the coverslips. Before cell seeding, any excess collagen was washed off and the gel was equilibrated with media for one hour.
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5

ARPE-19 Cell Adhesion Assay for CBD and RCBD

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Cell adhesion assay was carried out using ARPE-19 cells on collagen type 1 coated surface (0.1 mg/ml collagen type 1; Advanced Biomatrix, cat#5007). Wells were blocked with 2% BSA for 2–3 h at room temperature. Separately ARPE-19 cells (around 25 K) were incubated with different doses of CBD and RCBD (15 µM and 30 µM of CBD or RCBD and a combination dose of 15 µM CBD along with 15 µM RCBD), or in the absence of reagents (control), and seeded onto the wells. Incubation was done at 37 °C in a CO2 incubator for 1 h. Wells were washed extensively with PBS to remove unattached cells, and stained with crystal violet (0.25% crystal violet in 10% ethanol), followed by washing with PBS again to remove the excess stain; imaging was done on inverted light microscope. For quantitative measurement, the stain was dissolved in 50% ethanol in 0.1 M sodium dihydrogen solution and readings were taken at 570 nm wavelength.
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6

Leukocyte Transmigration Assay

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Inserts from 24-well transwell plates (Costar, Sigma-Aldrich) were coated with collagen type 1 (Advanced Biomatrix) and fibronectin (Merck Millipore) (10 μg/ml each) and seeded with 175'000 imLECs in imLEC medium on the lower side or on the upper side of the transwell membrane, in analogy to the setup originally described by Johnson et al. (52 (link)). The medium was exchanged after 6 h and again the next day. Two days later, 1 × 105 LPS-activated BM-DCs (WT or ALCAM−/−) were added to the top well and left to migrate toward the bottom well containing 100 ng/ml of CCL21 (PeproTech) in DMEM/F12 medium containing 2% FCS. After 4 h, transmigrated DCs were stained with anti-mouse CD11c-APC (BioLegend) and quantified by FACS. For assessing antibody efficacy, WT DCs and LECs were both pre-incubated with I/F8-Fc or KSF-Fc (10 μg/ml) for 30 min at 37°C prior to performing the experiment in presence of antibodies.
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7

Analyzing Extracellular Matrix Dynamics in IPF

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ECM was obtained from three IPF derived and three control fibroblast cultures as described 18 . ECM protein was analysed in two fractions, that soluble in RIPA buffer (soluble fraction) and that isolated by physical scraping and solubilsation in an 8M urea based buffer (insoluble fraction). ECM structure was visualized by electron microscopy using a Jeol 6060LV scanning electron microscope (Jeol ltd. UK). For ECM degradation assays, fibroblasts were incubated with 1µC/ml tritiated proline during matrix deposition. Tritiated proline labelled ECM preparations were digested with recombinant MMPs -1, -2 and -7 (R&D Systems, UK) and tritium measured in the soluble fraction by scintillation counting and expressed as disintegrations per minute (DPM) as a marker of ECM proteolysis. The effect of ECM stiffness on TG2 activity was analysed by culturing control fibroblasts on tissue culture platessubstrates of variable stiffness (SoftSubstrates, CA, USA). In vitro TG2 cross-linking was performed by incubation of recombinant human TG2 protein (500 ng/ml) or controls with 50ug/ml collagen type 1 (Advanced Biomatrix, USA) and 50ug/ml fibronectin (Sigma Aldrich, UK) overnight at 37 ᵒc on a rotating shaker.
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8

Isolation and Culture of Human LECs

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Human dermal microvascular LEC from neonatal human foreskin were isolated as previously described [45 (link)] and were maintained in 2D culture on collagen type I (50 μg/ml, Advanced BioMatrix) coated plates in endothelial basal medium (Lonza) supplemented with 20% FBS (Gibco), 1% antibiotic/antimycotic solution (Gibco), 4 mM L-glutamine (Gibco), 25 μg/ml cAMP (Sigma) and 10 μg/ml hydrocortisone (Sigma) at 37°C complemented with 5% CO2. To generate LEC-coated beads, gelatin-covered cytodextran beads (Sigma) were used. The beads were hydrated, sterilized and incubated with LEC at a bead:cell ratio of 1:40. The suspension of beads and LEC was stirred for 2min every 30min for a total of 4h and incubated for another 48h, resulting in confluent bead coverage. A similar protocol was followed for the culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC, purchased from Lonza and used until passage 8).
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9

Collagen-Based Cell Culture Protocol

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Transferrin (#T8158) and insulin (#91077C) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Collagen type I (#08–115) was purchased from Advanced BioMatrix (#5279, Poway, CA, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (#11885092, DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS, #16000-044), penicillin-streptomycin (#15140122) and trypsin (#25200056) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Cell culture flasks (#3073) and plates (#CLS3506) were purchased from Corning Incorporated (Corning, NY, USA). All other reagents were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific unless noted otherwise.
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10

Isolation and Culture of Primary Human Nasal Epithelial Cells

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Primary human nasal epithelial cells (pHNE) were isolated and cultured as previously described [21 (link)]. After isolation, cells were grown on a 6-well plate coated with collagen type I (30 μg/ml, Advanced BioMatrix) at a density of 500,000 cells/mL. After reaching 90–100% confluency, cells were seeded in triplicate (n = 3) in 12-well plates from which total RNA and protein were isolated as described below.
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