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87 protocols using microtainer serum separator tube

1

Immunization of C57BL/6 Mice with rMOMP

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Example 10

Mouse Immunization

Female C57BL/6 mice (Taconic Farms) were used at 6 to 8 weeks of age, and food and water were provided ad libitum. All animal procedures were in accordance with government and institutional guidelines for animal health and well-being, and were approved by the Merck Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.

Animals were immunized by subcutaneous (s.c.) routes with rMOMP (1 to 10 μg/mouse/immunization) in combination with an adjuvant containing IMO-2055 and Montanide ISA 720 VG (SEPPIC Inc., Coley Pharmaceutical Group Inc., Wellesley, Mass.) at a ratio of 70:30 (v/v). Live EB groups were immunized with 1×106 EB in SPG per mouse by intraperitoneal (i.p.) route. Adjuvant control groups were administered with a combination of IMO-2055 and Montanide ISA 720 VG only. Immunizations were administered on days 0, 20 and 30.

Prior to the first immunization and two weeks following the final immunization, tail bleeds were performed with blood collected in BD Microtainer® Serum Separator Tubes (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, N.J.). Blood samples were centrifuged at 6,000 rpm for 5 min and serum was transferred to a microcentrifuge tube.

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2

Serum Biochemistry Analysis in Mice

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Blood was collected from mice and transferred to BD Microtainer Serum Separator Tubes (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ). Serum was flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80C. Serum chemistry analysis for total cholesterol (CHOL), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and triglycerides (TG) was performed using Wako Clinical Diagnostics kits (WakoUSA, Richmond, VA). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured using Catachem VETSPEC Kits as recommended by the manufacturer (Catachem, Oxford, CT).
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3

Olive Leaf Extract Administration in Mice

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OLE (100 mg/kg) was administered daily in the food pellets for three consecutive weeks. The dosing regime of OLE was designed using findings from previous dose–response experiments [40 (link)]. At the end of the experiment, the mice were killed by CO2 asphyxiation, and trunk blood was collected in BD microtainer serum separator tubes (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) for biochemical analyses. The hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were dissected from the brain for total RNA and total cellular protein extraction. All of the brain tissues and serum samples were kept at −80 °C until assayed.
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4

Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation Protocol

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Phenylephrine hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich; 2mg/kg i.p.; PH) and isoprenaline hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich; 2mg/kg, i.p.; ISOP), were dissolved in normal saline and administered twice to three times a day and for four consecutive days (dosing regimen: Total 2–3-3–2=10 injections), in order to stimulate α1-ARs and β1/2-ARs, respectively. The selection of the dosing schedule of adrenergic receptor agonists was based on the literature to achieve sufficient stimulation of the adrenergic receptors [50 (link)]. The controls received normal saline and mice were not fasted during treatment. Two hrs after the last drug treatment (3–4p.m.), mice were killed by carbon dioxide asphyxiation and trunk blood was collected in BD Microtainer Serum Separator Tubes (Becton, Dickinson and Company, USA) for biochemical and hormonal analyses. Liver and white adipose tissue (W.A.T.) samples were dissected for total RNA, cellular and nuclear protein extraction and were kept along with serum samples at −80 0C until assayed. Each treatment group included five to six animals and the findings were confirmed by three different experiments.
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5

Serum Metabolite and Hormone Profiling

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Blood from retro-orbital bleeding was put in BD Microtainer Serum Separator Tubes (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ), allowed to clot for 10 minutes at room temperature, spun at 10,000 rpm for 6 minutes, and serum was frozen until assayed. Free fatty acids (Roche Diagnostics Gmbh, Mannheim, Germany), triglycerides (Pointe Scientific Inc., Canton, MI), cholesterol (Thermo Scientific, Middletown, VA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BioVision, Milpitas, CA), and D-lactate (BioVision, Milpitas, CA) were measured by colorimetric assays. Serum glucose was measured by Glucometer Contour. Insulin (Millipore, St. Charles, MO), adiponectin (Millipore, St. Charles, MO), Insulin-like growth factor 1 (ALPCO, Salem, NH), T3 (DiaSorin Inc, Stillwater, MN), and T4 (DiaSorin Inc, Stillwater, MN) were measured by RIA. Leptin (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (Millipore, St. Charles, MO) were measured by ELISA. All assays were conducted as per manufacturer's protocol.
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6

Mouse Immunization Protocol

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Example 10

Mouse Immunization

Female C57BL/6 mice (Taconic Farms) were used at 6 to 8 weeks of age, and food and water were provided ad libitum. All animal procedures were in accordance with government and institutional guidelines for animal health and well-being, and were approved by the Merck Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.

Animals were immunized by subcutaneous (s.c.) routes with rMOMP (1 to 10 μg/mouse/immunization) in combination with an adjuvant containing IMO-2055 and Montanide ISA 720 VG (SEPPIC Inc., Coley Pharmaceutical Group Inc., Wellesley, Mass.) at a ratio of 70:30 (v/v). Live EB groups were immunized with 1×106 EB in SPG per mouse by intraperitoneal (i.p.) route. Adjuvant control groups were administered with a combination of IMO-2055 and Montanide ISA 720 VG only Immunizations were administered on days 0, 20 and 30.

Prior to the first immunization and two weeks following the final immunization, tail bleeds were performed with blood collected in BD Microtainer® Serum Separator Tubes (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, N.J.). Blood samples were centrifuged at 6,000 rpm for 5 min and serum was transferred to a microcentrifuge tube.

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7

Serum Biomarker Analysis in Mice

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Blood was collected from mice and transferred to BD Microtainer Serum Separator Tubes (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ). Serum was flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80C. Serum chemistry analysis for total cholesterol (CHOL), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and triglycerides (TG) was performed using Wako Clinical Diagnostics kits (WakoUSA, Richmond, VA). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured using Catachem VETSPEC Kits as recommended by the manufacturer (Catachem, Oxford, CT). Blood glucose (GLU) levels were measured using a Contour blood glucose meter (Bayer, Mishawaka, IN). Serum SAA1 analysis was performed using Mouse Serum Amyloid A Quantikine ELISA Kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN).
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8

Serotonin ELISA in Mouse Serum

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Blood serum samples were collected from each group of mice (N = 15 per group) with BD Microtainer serum separator tubes (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) and flash frozen. Serotonin ELISA Kit (Aviva Systems Biology Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA) was used to quantify serotonin concentration in mice serum samples. All ELISA measurements were made in duplicate.
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9

Serum Analysis by Chemistry Analyzer

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Serum isolated with BD Microtainer serum separator tubes (Becton, Dickinson and Co., Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) were analyzed using an AU480 Chemistry Analyzer (Beckman Coulter, Inc., Brea, CA, USA). Except for the SDH and β-hydroxybutyrate assays, all tests were performed using reagents from Beckman Coulter, Inc. (Brea, CA, USA). Reagents for the SDH assay and the β-hydroxybutyrate assay were obtained from Sekisui Diagnostics, LLC. (Burlington, MA, USA) and Stanbio Laboratory (Boerne, TX, USA), respectively.
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10

Serum Biomarker Analysis in Mice

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BD Microtainer Serum Separator Tubes were used to collect blood from mice (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA). Blood serum analysis for total cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TG), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) was performed using Wako Clinical Diagnostics kits (WakoUSA, Richmond, VA, USA). Catachem VETSPEC Kits were used to analyze serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels according to the manufacturer’s recommended instructions (Catachem, Oxford, CT, USA).
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