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4 hba

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4-HBA is a chemical compound that serves as a key building block in the development of various pharmaceutical and biochemical products. Its core function is to provide a stable and versatile starting material for further synthesis and derivatization processes. The detailed specifications and applications of 4-HBA can be provided upon request.

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Lab products found in correlation

Luna c18, by Phenomenex (2 mentions) Male icr mice, by Orient Bio (1 mentions) Vanillin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Cefadroxil, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Oxytetracycline hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions) 4 nitrophenyl β d glucopyranoside, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Gastrodin, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (1 mentions) 4 nitrophenyl sulfate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Anaerobe gas generating system, by BD (1 mentions) 4 nitrophenyl β d glucuronide, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Erythromycin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) 3 hba, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Hydroquinone, by Merck Group (1 mentions) 4 methoxyphenol, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Protease inhibitor tablet, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) γ 32p atp, by MP Biomedicals (1 mentions) 2 4 6 thba, by Merck Group (1 mentions) 3 4 5 thba, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Qpcr reagents, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Annexin v 7 aad kit, by Beckman Coulter (1 mentions)

13 protocols using 4 hba

1

Vanillin and 4-HBA Modulate Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits

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Male ICR mice (8 weeks of age; weight of 25–30 g) were purchased from the Orient Bio Inc. (Seoul, Korea) and handled and cared following the current international laws and policies (Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th edition, 2011) [21 ]. Experimental protocol in the present study was reviewed and approved based on ethical procedures and scientific care by the Kangwon National University-Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (KW-160802-3).
Mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=14, per group) as follows: (1) vehicle (normal saline)-treated mice marked as “vehicle group,” (2) SCO (1 mg/kg/day)-treated mice marked as “SCO group,” (3) SCO (1 mg/kg/day) and vanillin (40 mg/kg/day)-treated mice marked as “SCO+vanillin group,” and (4) SCO (1 mg/kg/day) and 4-HBA (40 mg/kg/day)–treated mice marked as “SCO+4-HBA group.” SCO, vanillin, and 4-HBA were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and dissolved in normal saline. SCO was administered by intraperitoneal injection once daily for 4 weeks, and vanillin or 4-HBA were administered orally using a feeding needle once daily for 4 weeks. Experimental dosage of SCO, vanillin, and 4-HBA was selected on the basis of previous studies [20 (link)22 (link)].
Kim Y.H, & Park J.H. (2017). Vanillin and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol attenuate cognitive impairment and the reduction of cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus in a mouse model of scopolamine-induced amnesia. Anatomy & Cell Biology, 50(2), 143-151.
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2

Analytical Techniques for Bacterial Metabolites

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Gastrodin (>98%) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry. 4-HBA (≥98%), erythromycin, oxytetracycline hydrochloride, cefadroxil, 4-nitrophenyl β-d-glucuronide, 4-nitrophenyl sulfate, and 4-nitrophenyl β-d-glucopyranoside were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The anaerobe gas-generating system was purchased from Becton, Dickinson and Company. HPLC-grade methanol was purchased from J. T. Bakers (Central Valley, PA, USA). All other chemicals used were of reagent grades and were used as received.
Nepal M.R., Jeong K.S., Kim G.H., Cha D.H., Kang M.J., Kim J.S., Kim J.H, & Jeong T.C. (2019). Role of Intestinal Microbiota in Metabolism of Gastrodin In Vitro and In Vivo. Metabolites, 9(4), 69.
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3

Bmp5 Enzymatic Assay with 4-HBA

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Bmp5 was incubated with 0.5 mM 4-HBA (Sigma-Aldrich, 240141-50G) in a 0.5 mL reaction, along with 5 mM NADPH, 0.1 mM FAD and 10 mM KBr in 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) buffer. After the indicated time points, 40 µL of reaction aliquots were withdrawn and quenched by the addition of 16 µL of MeCN + 0.35% TFA, heated at 50 °C for 30 min, and centrifuged at 13,000 rpm for 10 min to remove precipitated protein. 25 µL of the quenched reaction was injected on a Phenomenex Luna C18 5 µm (4.6 × 100 mm) analytical HPLC column operating on an Agilent 1260 analytical HPLC setup at room temperature. Water + 0.1% TFA was used as buffer A, and MeCN + 0.1% TFA was used as buffer B. The elution profile was as follows: 5% buffer B for 5 min, linear gradient to 95% buffer B across 25 min, step increase to 100% buffer B, 100% buffer B for 3 min, linear decrease to 5% buffer B across 2 min, 5% buffer B for 5 min. Absorbance was monitored at 214 nm wavelength. Bmp5 reactions using 8–9 as substrates were conducted in an identical manner. For negative control reactions, Bmp5 was assayed using 4-HBA as the substrate, but with the omission of either the enzyme, NADPH, KBr or FAD. After 90 min, the reaction was quenched and analyzed by HPLC.
Agarwal V., El Gamal A.A., Yamanaka K., Poth D., Kersten R.D., Schorn M., Allen E.E, & Moore B.S. (2014). Biosynthesis of polybrominated aromatic organic compounds by marine bacteria. Nature chemical biology, 10(8), 640-647.
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4

Synthesis of Small Molecule Standards

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3-HBA, 4-HBA, 3,4-diHBA, and 3-HPPA (Ho et al., 2019 (link); Supplementary Figure S1) were obtained commercially from Sigma-Aldrich (United States). Monomeric synthetic α-syn was purchased from rPeptide (Watkinsville, GA, United States).
Yamasaki T.R., Ono K., Ho L, & Pasinetti G.M. (2020). Gut Microbiome-Modified Polyphenolic Compounds Inhibit α-Synuclein Seeding and Spreading in α-Synucleinopathies. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14, 398.
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5

Isolation of Eutypa lata Secondary Metabolites

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We obtained the E. lata secondary metabolites eutypine, eutypinol, siccayne and eulatinol by fermentation of Eutypa lata, strain IBWF E16121 in 20 liters of BAF medium as described in Guan et al. (2020) [20 (link)]. We dissolved the fungal metabolites in 100% methanol to a stock of 10 mM, diluting to a working concentration of 10 μM, if not specified otherwise. The chemical homologues of the fungal metabolites, 4-HBAL (4-hydroxybenzyl aldehyde), 4-HBA (4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol), 4-methoxyphenol and hydroquinone were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and prepared in 2% methanol to stocks of 10 mM stocks and used at a final concentration of 50 μM, if not stated otherwise.
Guan P., Schmidt F., Fischer J., Riemann M., Thines E, & Nick P. (2022). The fungal elicitor eutypine from Eutypa lata activates basal immunity through its phenolic side chains. Horticulture Research, 9, uhac120.
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6

Biochemical Assays and Reagents

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2,4,6-THBA, 3,4-DHBA, 3,4,5-THBA, 4-HBA and trypsin-EDTA were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); H1 Histones and Immobilon membranes from EMD Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA); 32P γ-ATP from MP Biochemicals (Solon, OH, USA); RT-PCR reagents from New England Biolabs (NEB, Ipswich, MA, USA); qPCR reagents from Applied Biosystems (Foster City, CA, USA); Annexin V/7-AAD kit from Beckman Coulter (Miami, FL, USA); Super Signal™ West Pico Chemiluminescent Substrate, protease inhibitor tablets and all other chemicals were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA).
Sankaranarayanan R., Valiveti C.K., Kumar D.R., Van slambrouck S., Kesharwani S.S., Seefeldt T., Scaria J., Tummala H, & Bhat G.J. (2019). The Flavonoid Metabolite 2,4,6-Trihydroxybenzoic Acid Is a CDK Inhibitor and an Anti-Proliferative Agent: A Potential Role in Cancer Prevention. Cancers, 11(3), 427.
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7

Bmp5 Enzymatic Assay with 4-HBA

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Bmp5 was incubated with 0.5 mM 4-HBA (Sigma-Aldrich, 240141-50G) in a 0.5 mL reaction, along with 5 mM NADPH, 0.1 mM FAD and 10 mM KBr in 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) buffer. After the indicated time points, 40 µL of reaction aliquots were withdrawn and quenched by the addition of 16 µL of MeCN + 0.35% TFA, heated at 50 °C for 30 min, and centrifuged at 13,000 rpm for 10 min to remove precipitated protein. 25 µL of the quenched reaction was injected on a Phenomenex Luna C18 5 µm (4.6 × 100 mm) analytical HPLC column operating on an Agilent 1260 analytical HPLC setup at room temperature. Water + 0.1% TFA was used as buffer A, and MeCN + 0.1% TFA was used as buffer B. The elution profile was as follows: 5% buffer B for 5 min, linear gradient to 95% buffer B across 25 min, step increase to 100% buffer B, 100% buffer B for 3 min, linear decrease to 5% buffer B across 2 min, 5% buffer B for 5 min. Absorbance was monitored at 214 nm wavelength. Bmp5 reactions using 8–9 as substrates were conducted in an identical manner. For negative control reactions, Bmp5 was assayed using 4-HBA as the substrate, but with the omission of either the enzyme, NADPH, KBr or FAD. After 90 min, the reaction was quenched and analyzed by HPLC.
Agarwal V., El Gamal A.A., Yamanaka K., Poth D., Kersten R.D., Schorn M., Allen E.E, & Moore B.S. (2014). Biosynthesis of polybrominated aromatic organic compounds by marine bacteria. Nature chemical biology, 10(8), 640-647.
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8

Metabolite Supplementation Post-Myocardial Infarction

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To prepare the metabolites supplement, 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (3-HPA, SANTA CRUZ), 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA, SIGMA), and p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPA, SIGMA) were individually dissolved in autoclaved in saline. Mice drank maximal dose of the antibiotic cocktail for 7 days post-MI surgery and then were orally inoculated (3-HPA, 4-HBA, 4-HPA, 6, 25 mg/kg per day) at 1-day interval for 4 weeks.
Zhou Q., Deng J., Pan X., Meng D., Zhu Y., Bai Y., Shi C., Duan Y., Wang T., Li X., Sluijter J.P, & Xiao J. (2022). Gut microbiome mediates the protective effects of exercise after myocardial infarction. Microbiome, 10, 82.
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9

Angiogenic Signaling Pathway Analysis

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Recombinant Rat PDGF-BB was purchased from R&D Systems. 4-HBA was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Antibodies against phospho (p)-FAK (Y397), p-SRC (Y416), SRC, p-AKT (S473), AKT, p-ERK (T202/204), ERK, and K17 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Anti-β-actin, VEGF and anti-platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) sodium salt and kinase inhibitor PP2 were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich.
Kang C.W., Han Y.E., Kim J., Oh J.H., Cho Y.H, & Lee E.J. (2017). 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde accelerates acute wound healing through activation of focal adhesion signalling in keratinocytes. Scientific Reports, 7, 14192.
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10

HPLC Analysis of Phytochemical Extracts

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The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed in a Varian Pro Star instrument equipped with a Rheodyne injection valve (20 µl) and a photodiode array detector set at 280 nm. A reversed-phase Phenomenex-C18 (2) Luna column (250 mm x 4.6 mm and 5 µ pd) was used. Samples were eluted with a gradient of A: water:acetic acid (98:2) and B: methanol:acetic acid (98:2) from 15% B to 40% B in 30 min; 40% B to 75% B in 10 min; 75% B to 85% B in 5 min and 100% B in 5 min. Solution B (100%) was run for 10 min and back to initial conditions. The flow rate was 1.2 ml/min and the separation was done at room temperature (18-25ºC). The optical density of eluates was registered in a Varian Star 5.5 detector (USA). Lyophilized aqueous extracts (10 mg/ml) and the pure standard were dissolved in methanol:water (70:30). The water employed to prepare the working solution was of ultrapure quality (Milli-Q). Methanol (J.T. Baker) and acetic acid (Merck, Argentina) were HPLC grade. NDGA (Sigma, USA, lot 19 C-0504, >97.0% purity), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA, Sigma, USA, ≥99% purity) and rutin (Sigma, USA, ≥94% purity) standards were employed [8 (link)].
Peralta I., Marrassini C., Saint Martin M., Cogoi L., Alonso M.R., Gugliucci A, & Anesini C. (2022). Larrea divaricata: anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of on macrophages and low density lipoproteins. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 22, 84.
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