Phosphomolybdic acid solution

HSYA (C27H32O16; MW, 612.53; 98% Purity; Solarbio, Beijing, China), lecithin (Aladdin, Shanghai, China), bleomycin (BLM Biofeng, Shanghai, China), pirfenidone (Aladdin, Shanghai, China), ELISA kits (for TGF-β1 and IL-6; Cloud-Clone, Wuhan, China), 4% paraformaldehyde (Solarbio, Beijing, China), hematoxylin and eosin staining kit (beyotime, Shanghai, China), Weigert hematoxylin staining solution (Solarbio, Beijing, China), Ponceau S and Magenta staining solution (Solarbio, Beijing, China), phosphomolybdic acid solution (Solarbio, Beijing, China), Aniline blue solution (Solarbio, Beijing, China), DAPI (Solarbio, Beijing, China), RIPA buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA), antibodies (for p38, p-p38, Smad3, collagen I, β-actin (Servicebio, Wuhan, China), anti-mouse IgG (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-rabbit IgG (Abcam, Cambridge, UK)), BCA Protein Assay Reagent Kit (beyotime, Shanghai, China), and primary antibodies (CD45, α-SMA, and collagen I (Abcam, Cambridge, UK)), FITC-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), CY3-conjugated goat anti-rat IgG (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), and CY5-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), were purchased.

Aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)3, alum] was provided by Waltham, USA. OVA, acetyl-β-methyl choline chloride (methacholine), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were purchased from Sigma, United States. Reagents utilized in lung tissue staining (hydrochloric ethanol, masson bluing solution, masson ponceau s staining solution, phosphomolybdic acid solution, aniline blue, paraformaldehyde, xylene, hematoxylin, eosin, periodic acid, and fuchsin basic) were provided by Solarbio Life Sciences (Beijing, China). RIPA buffer, TBST buffer solution, primary antibody dilutions, secondary antibody dilutions, antibody eluent, and goat anti-rabbit IgG labeled with horseradish peroxidase were supplied by Servicebio Biology (Wuhan, China). Antibodies against phosphatidylinositol3 kinase (PI3K, cat.4691T), phospho-PI3K (P-PI3K, cat.17366S), RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT, cat.4691T), phospho-AKT (P-AKT, cat.4060T), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, cat. 2118T) were purchased from Cell Signal Technology (Beverly, MA, United States).