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3 protocols using trehalose

1

Lyophilized Peptide Tablets with Adjuvants

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Reverse tablet molds were designed in FreeCAD and 3D-printed with a MakerBot Ultimaker 3. PDMS molds were prepared using SYLGARD 184 kits (Sigma, cat #761028). Peptide solutions were prepared at 2 mM in 1X PBS, incubated for 3–4 h at room temperature to fibrillize, and mixed with sugars to a final concentration of 0.67 mM peptide and 7.8 wt% each of trehalose (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, cat #394303), 20,000 Da dextran (Alfa Aesar, cat# J61216), and mannitol (Sigma, cat #M4125). Adjuvanted formulations contained cholera toxin B (List Biological, cat #104) or Vaccigrade cyclic-di-AMP (Invivogen, cat #vac-nacda) at doses indicated in figure captions. Final solutions were pipetted into the PDMS tray (30 μL per tablet), frozen at −80 °C, and lyophilized. Heating was performed by placing individual tablets in microcentrifuge tubes in a heating block set at 45 °C. KLH groups were heated as solutions in their final formulation.
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2

Carbohydrate Standard Protocol for GC-MS

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Glucose, fructose, sucrose, myo-inositol, mannose, xylose, ribose, lactose, arabinose, and galactose were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Galactinol, ribitol, and trehalose were supplied by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Raffinose and cellobiose were obtained from Fluka (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and Supelco (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), respectively. Stachyose was from TCI America (Tokyo, Japan). All standard reagents were of analytical grade. Standard sugar solutions were prepared by dissolving individual sugars in ultra-pure (liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-grade, 18 MΩ) water (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA, USA). The concentration of stock solution for each sugar component was either 1 or 10 mg/mL. Chemical reagents for derivatization prior to GC–MS analyses, including pyridine, phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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3

Freeze-dried Nanofiber Tablet Fabrication

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Reverse tablet molds were designed in FreeCAD and three-dimensionally printed with MakerBot Ultimaker 3. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molds were prepared using SYLGARD 184 kits (Sigma-Aldrich, 761028). Fibrillized nanofiber solutions were mixed with adjuvants and sugars to a final concentration of 7.8 weight % each of trehalose (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 394303), dextran (Alfa Aesar, J61216), and mannitol (MilliporeSigma, M4125). Final solutions were pipetted into the PDMS tray (30 μl per tablet), frozen at −80°C, and lyophilized (46 ).
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