Photofunctionalization was performed by treating implants with UV light for 15 minutes using a photo device (TheraBeam Affiny, Ushio Inc., Tokyo, Japan) immediately before implantation according to manufacturer's recommendation [1 (link), 4 (link)–6 (link)] (Figure 1 ). Details specifications of a photo device were as follows: input voltage (AC 100 to 240 V ± 10%), input current (2.2 A max), temperature (15°C to 30°C), humidity (20% to 70% RH), and altitude (below 2,000 m).
Therabeam affiny
Manufactured by Ushio
Sourced in Japan
TheraBeam Affiny is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Ushio. The core function of TheraBeam Affiny is to provide controlled light exposure for various applications, such as phototherapy and light-based experimentation. The product specifications and technical details are available upon request.
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Lab products found in correlation
5 protocols using therabeam affiny
1
Photofunctionalization of Implants Before Insertion
2
Quantifying UV-Induced Methylene Blue Degradation
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Test specimens coated with methylene blue were placed in either quartz ampoules or plastic tubes and treated with four different UV light sources: (i) UVC from a commercially available low-pressure mercury lamp (1.2 mW/cm2; Iwasaki Electric, Tokyo, Japan); (ii) high-energy UVC (HUVC) from a commercially available UV device for dental implants (TheraBeam Affiny, Ushio, Tokyo, Japan); (iii) a commercially available UV device for dental implants with a proprietary protocol (PUV) (SuperOsseo, Ushio, Tokyo, Japan); and (iv) a xenon excimer lamp emitting 172 nm vacuum UV (VUV; ~60 mW/cm2) (DIO, Busan, Republic of Korea). Specimens were irradiated with UVC and VUV at a distance of 6 mm and HUVC and PUV following the manufacturers’ instructions for one minute except for dose-dependency experiments, where the exposure time was varied. Methylene blue remaining on the test specimen after UV treatment was dissolved in 800 µL ddH2O and quantified using a microplate reader at 650 nm (Synergy H1, BioTek Instruments, Winooski, VT, USA). Remaining methylene blue was calculated as a percentage relative to the total coated amount.
3
Methylene Blue Photodegradation by UV
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Methylene blue in quartz and plastic containers was treated with four different UV light sources (Figure 11 ): (i) UVC from a commercially available low-pressure mercury lamp (1.2 mW/cm2; Iwasaki Electric, Tokyo, Japan); (ii) high-energy UVC (HUVC) from a commercially available UV device for dental implants (TheraBeam Affiny, Ushio, Tokyo, Japan); (iii) a commercially available UV device for dental implants with a proprietary protocol (PUV) (SuperOsseo, Ushio, Tokyo, Japan); and (iv) 172 nm vacuum UV (VUV; ~60 mW/cm2) (DIO, Busan, Korea). UVC and VUV were irradiated at 6 mm and HUVC and PUV following the manufacturers’ instructions. The treatment time was 1 min for most experiments and was varied for dose-dependency experiments. The methylene blue concentrations in the original solution and after UV treatment were measured using a microplate reader at 650 nm (Synergy H1; BioTek Instruments, Winooski, VT, USA), and remnant methylene blue was calculated as a percentage relative to the original solution.
4
Fabrication and Characterization of Titanium Microfiber Scaffolds
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Thin and round commercially available pure Ti fibers (99.6%, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 125 µm in diameter, 2000 mm long were woven together to form disks approximately 10 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick.
To roughen some of the samples, scaffolds were introduced by acid-etching with 67% (w/w) H2SO4 (Sigma) at 120 °C for 10 s. The diameters and thicknesses of the original and acid-etched samples were calculated using ImageJ program (NIH, Bethesda, ML, USA). The diameters and thicknesses were then used to calculate the total volumes of the scaffolds. The porosity of untreated scaffolds was calculated by subtracting the Ti microfiber volume from the total volume. The porosity of the acid-etched scaffolds was calculated by comparing their weight ratio to those of the untreated scaffolds. The samples were autoclaved, and then placed and stored at a dark condition for four weeks to obtain biological aging. The surface morphologies of the Ti microfibers were examined by SEM (Nova 230 Nano SEM, FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA). The minimum and maximum pore sizes of the Ti microfibers were determined by measuring 30 pores in the image. Photofunctionalization was performed by treating Ti microfiber scaffolds with UV light for 15 min using a photo device (TheraBeam Affiny; Ushio Inc, Tokyo, Japan) immediately before use.
To roughen some of the samples, scaffolds were introduced by acid-etching with 67% (w/w) H2SO4 (Sigma) at 120 °C for 10 s. The diameters and thicknesses of the original and acid-etched samples were calculated using ImageJ program (NIH, Bethesda, ML, USA). The diameters and thicknesses were then used to calculate the total volumes of the scaffolds. The porosity of untreated scaffolds was calculated by subtracting the Ti microfiber volume from the total volume. The porosity of the acid-etched scaffolds was calculated by comparing their weight ratio to those of the untreated scaffolds. The samples were autoclaved, and then placed and stored at a dark condition for four weeks to obtain biological aging. The surface morphologies of the Ti microfibers were examined by SEM (Nova 230 Nano SEM, FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA). The minimum and maximum pore sizes of the Ti microfibers were determined by measuring 30 pores in the image. Photofunctionalization was performed by treating Ti microfiber scaffolds with UV light for 15 min using a photo device (TheraBeam Affiny; Ushio Inc, Tokyo, Japan) immediately before use.
5
UV Photofunctionalization of Dental Implants
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Photofunctionalization was performed immediately prior to implantation by treating the implants with UV light for 15 min, at chairside, using a photo device (TheraBeam Affiny, Ushio, Tokyo, Japan) (Figure 1 a). The dental implant was set on the stand table, through an implant driver (Figure 1 b), the table was placed into the chamber of the device, and the button to start UV-irradiation was pressed. After 15 min, UV treatment was followed by a 5 min treatment to clean ozone (Figure 1 c), and photofunctionalization was completed. The chamber was opened, and the photofunctionalized implant picked up carefully. Then the implant was repositioned to the handpiece head with straight Pean forceps (Figure 1 d). After setting the photofunctionalized implant in the handpiece, the dentist carefully placed the implant into the implantation socket, without touching any other fluid, device, and tissue.
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